有关“分离权”问题的法理分析

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:51

本文选题：分离 + 分离权　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2011年12期

【摘要】：现实中,分离主义者常常援引"国际法上的分离权",事实上,国际法上不存在关于分离权的规范。人们通常所谓的"国际法上的分离权"的提法,是将分离权混同于国际法上的自决权,而分离与国际法上的自决完全是两码事。虽然在国际法上分离并未被确立为一项权利,但从国际实践层面来看,国家内部的弱势团体在遭遇"严重不公正待遇"时,国际社会通常视其拥有救济性分离权,国际社会之所以如此是基于人道主义理念和保护弱势团体人权的考量。救济性分离权是弱势团体为保护自身免遭毁灭、最后不得已而行使的一种救济性权利,是弱势团体实行自我保护的例外机制;但这项权利也有其局限性,主要表现在:它的行使虽然具有严格的限制条件,但由于这些限制条件在实践中难以准确、具体地把握,也常常导致该项权利被滥用。从法理上说,是否允许分离是主权国家内部的管辖事项。通过宪法赋予某团体以分离权仅仅是极个别国家出于特殊政治目的之考量而采行的做法,绝大多数国家禁止分离。研究分离权的存在情形和行使条件以及与相关概念和理论范畴的区别,对于我们反对各种形式的分离主义具有重要的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:In reality, separatists often invoke the "right of secession in international law". In fact, there is no norm on the right of secession in international law. The term "right of secession in international law" is usually referred to as the right to secession mixed with the right to self-determination in international law, which is completely different from self-determination in international law. Although separation is not established as a right in international law, in international practice, when vulnerable groups within States are subjected to "serious injustices", the international community generally considers them to have the right to remedial separation. The international community is based on humanitarian considerations and the protection of human rights of vulnerable groups. The right of relief separation is a kind of relief right exercised by vulnerable groups in order to protect themselves from destruction, and it is an exceptional mechanism for vulnerable groups to protect themselves. However, this right also has its limitations. The main performance is: although its exercise has strict restrictions, but these restrictions are difficult to accurately grasp in practice, and often lead to the abuse of this right. Legally, whether or not to allow secession is a matter of jurisdiction within sovereign states. Giving a group the right to secede through the constitution is only a practice adopted by a few countries for special political purposes, and most countries prohibit secession. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to study the existence and exercise conditions of the right of separation and the difference between it and the related concepts and theoretical categories for us to oppose all forms of separatism.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【分类号】：D99

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