气候变化条约遵约机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 17:22

本文选题：气候变化 + 遵约机制　；参考：《山东科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候变化作为典型的全球问题,单靠一国无法改变气候变化的事实,而减缓气候变化又显然是一个纯粹的全球公共产品,因为温室气体减排的收益是非竞争性和非排他性,世界上所有的国家都有权享受由一国或是一地区削减排放带来的气候改善,而承诺削减排放的国家和地区也不能够阻止其他的国家或地区受益,因此,气候变化问题存在着严重的“供给不足”和“搭便车”的问题,各国在作出加入气候变化条约外交决策中也存在着很多不同的利益考虑,而不仅仅是国际环境法上的权利义务规则的要求。气候变化条约从1992年《联合国气候变化框架公约》签订到《京都议定书》的生效再到如今的后京都时代气候谈判,条约遵约机制经历了气候变化条约的设想萌芽阶段、践行发展阶段和修改完善阶段。气候变化条约遵约机制一般有三大构成要素,分别是：基本规则体系、遵约判定体系和不遵约反应体系。这三大要素密切配合共同支撑和维系着条约遵约机制的正常运行。我们应该看到,气候变化遵约机制的运行对改善气候变化,敦促各国节能减排,加强整个国家气候制度的自我完善,促进国际合作方面都发挥了不可估量的重要作用。但是,当前气候变化遵约谈判中所涉及的一些焦点问题：遵约目标和遵约原则面临挑战；气候变化条约规则条文具有模糊性；遵约过程中存在利益博弈和能力差异；气候变化条约的软法性,由此引发的一系列难题成为阻碍气候变化条约遵约机制谈判中的难点,为了克服这些问题给整个国际社会遵约造成的阻力,2012后京都时代的气候变化条约遵约机制应该从以下几方面入手：遵约过程应该坚持公平优先兼顾的原则,这也是气候变化条约谈判始终应该坚持的原则,提高气候变化条约遵约机制的透明度,建立有效的资金和技术援助机制用来辅助遵约机制的有效运行,另外,针对气候变化条约软约束的遵约路径,后京都时代的气候变化遵约机制应该积极学习WTO,将强制执行机制纳入到遵约机制中。
[Abstract]:As a typical global problem , climate change alone cannot change the fact that climate change cannot be changed , and mitigation of climate change is clearly a pure global public product , since greenhouse gas emissions are non - competitive and non - exclusive , and that all countries in the world have the right to benefit from reductions in emissions from one country or region , and that countries and regions that promise to cut emissions are not able to prevent other countries or regions from benefiting , and that there are many different interests in the context of climate change issues , not just the requirements of the rules of rights and obligations on international environmental law .

The climate change treaty enters into force of the Kyoto Protocol from 1992 to the Kyoto Protocol to enter into force and then to the post - Kyoto climate negotiations . The treaty compliance mechanism has experienced three major elements : the basic rule system , the compliance determination system and the non - compliance response system . The three major elements are closely coordinated to support and maintain the normal operation of the treaty compliance mechanism . We should see that the operation of the climate change compliance mechanism has played an important role in improving climate change , urging countries to save energy and reduce emission reduction , strengthen the self - improvement of the whole national climate system and promote international cooperation .
The provisions of the climate change treaty rules are vague ;
There are interests game and difference in compliance process .
In order to overcome these problems , the compliance mechanism of the climate change treaty in the post - 2012 Kyoto era should adhere to the principles of fairness and priority , improve the transparency of the compliance mechanism of the climate change treaty , establish an effective mechanism for compliance with the climate change treaty , and establish effective financial and technical assistance mechanisms to assist the effective operation of the compliance mechanism . In addition , the climate change compliance mechanism in the post - Kyoto era should actively study the WTO and integrate the enforcement mechanism into the compliance mechanism .
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9

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