论国际组织的国际责任

发布时间：2018-05-26 01:27

本文选题：国际组织 + 国际责任　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际组织的国际责任问题是国际法上的一个非常重要的研究课题。现今国际社会日益交往密切,政府间国际组织无论在数量还是在发展速度上都不可同日而语,因此也受到了越来越多的关注。关于国际组织的国际责任问题其实早在1963年就已经引起了国际法学界的重视,被列入联合国国际法委员会值得注意的一个特别问题,虽然同年又被搁置,但是在国际法委员会完成国家责任专题后,国际组织的国际责任问题在2002年5月8日第54届会议上被国际法委员会决定正式列入当前的工作方案,可见国际法学界对国际组织的国际责任问题的重视以及其在国际法上的重要性。在这种大趋势、大环境下,对国际组织的国际责任进行深入的研究有着重要的理论意义和实践指导价值。虽然联合国国际法委员会对国际组织的国际责任问题给予了高度关注,也有越来越多的专家学者对此予以研究,可以说理论上已经很成熟了。但国际社会是千变万化、日新月异的,国际组织的国际责任问题在实践中仍然面临各种各样的挑战,特别是国际组织及其成员间的责任分配问题。本文主要从国际组织的国际责任存在的问题入手,结合国际法上实际发生的案例,结合案例对问题进行分析,并提出自己对未来国际组织的国际责任问题的可行性建议,期待国际组织的国际责任问题的完善。国际组织的国际责任问题在实践中情形各样,解决方式也需因案件的不同类型予以不同对待,特殊情况特殊处理。总的来说,对国际组织的追责主要面临五个方面的大问题,国际组织的国际责任缺乏统一的适用规则,这是其一;由于国际组织与国家相比存在的特殊性、派生性人格的限制,在一定程度上依赖于国际组织成员,导致其独立性不足;有关国际组织的国际责任产生的争端,没有相关的争端解决机构,不仅使国际不法行为得不到相应的处罚,受害方的权益也得不到合理的保护,而且国际组织的国际不法行为在实践中也认定困难。这一系列的问题都需要国际社会合力解决,拿出能被普遍接受的方案,无论是制定统一的规则约束国际组织的行为,还是根据国际社会存在的判例进行分析适用,都需要得到国际社会的普遍认可,赋予解决方案以普遍适用性和法律约束力。国际组织与其成员间的责任分配问题是在讨论国际组织的国际责任问题是必须要弄明白的一个问题,国际组织各式各样,其成立宗旨、成员、职能等都不一样,国际组织与其成员的关系自然也因国际组织的不同而不同。国际组织与其成员之间错综复杂的关系,对国际组织的国际责任分担问题的研究带来很多挑战。所谓见仁见智,国际组织成员是否应该分担国际组织的国际责任、承担责任的模式是什么、如何承担等问题,不同的学者有不同的态度。
[Abstract]:The international responsibility of international organizations is a very important subject in international law. Nowadays, the international community is getting more and more close, intergovernmental international organizations are not equal in quantity or development speed, so they have been paid more and more attention. The question of the international responsibility of international organizations has, in fact, attracted the attention of the international legal community as early as 1963 and has been included in a special issue of interest to the International Law Commission of the United Nations, although it was shelved in the same year. However, following the completion of the topic of State responsibility by the International Law Commission, the question of the international responsibility of international organizations was formally included in the current programme of work by the Commission at its 54th session, on 8 May 2002, It can be seen that the international law circles attach importance to the international responsibility of international organizations and its importance in international law. In this general trend and environment, it is of great theoretical significance and practical guiding value to study the international responsibility of international organizations. Although the International Law Commission of the United Nations has paid great attention to the problem of international responsibility of international organizations, more and more experts and scholars have studied it, which can be said to be very mature in theory. However, the international community is changing with each passing day. In practice, the international responsibility of international organizations still faces a variety of challenges, especially the distribution of responsibilities between international organizations and their members. This paper mainly starts with the problems existing in the international responsibility of international organizations, combines the actual cases in international law, analyzes the problems with cases, and puts forward some feasible suggestions on the international responsibility of international organizations in the future. Look forward to the improvement of international responsibility of international organizations. The problem of international responsibility of international organizations is varied in practice, and the solutions should be treated differently according to different types of cases, and special cases should be dealt with. In general, the accountability of international organizations is mainly faced with five major problems. The lack of uniform applicable rules for international responsibility of international organizations is one of them. Due to the particularity of international organizations compared with countries, the limitation of their natural personality. Dependence on members of international organizations to some extent leads to a lack of independence; disputes arising from the international responsibility of the international organizations concerned, without the relevant dispute settlement bodies, not only do not allow the internationally wrongful act to be punished accordingly, The rights and interests of the injured party are not reasonably protected, and the international wrongful act of an international organization is found difficult in practice. This series of problems requires the concerted efforts of the international community to come up with generally acceptable solutions, whether by formulating uniform rules governing the conduct of international organizations, or by analysing and applying them on the basis of the jurisprudence of the international community, All need to be universally accepted by the international community to give the solution universal applicability and legally binding. The question of the distribution of responsibility between international organizations and their members is a question that must be understood when discussing the question of international responsibility of an international organization, which is diverse, whose purpose, membership, function, etc., are not the same, The relationship between international organizations and their members naturally varies according to international organizations. The complicated relationship between international organizations and their members brings many challenges to the study of international responsibility sharing. Different scholars have different attitudes as to whether members of international organizations should share the international responsibility of international organizations, what is the mode of assuming responsibility, and how to do so.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.2;D99

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