探析国际刑事审判新模式—混合法庭

发布时间：2018-05-26 05:57

本文选题：混合法庭过渡性司法 + 国际刑事法院临时性国际法庭加卡卡法庭　；参考：《外交学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了解决国际刑事司法有法不能依，有罪不能罚的问题，国际社会在应对起诉违反战争罪、危害人类罪、种族屠杀罪、侵略罪和其他具有类似性质的犯罪的实践中，不断发展出融合各国司法制度的崭新的审判模式。无论是纽伦堡审判、东京审判，还是前南斯拉夫国际问题刑事法庭、卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭的实践，乃至国际刑事法院的成立，都不断地推动着人类社会对和平与尊严——这个关乎世界各国人民福祉与正义的国际法最高目标的实现。混合法庭是一种实现过渡性正义的新生事物。它是在国际社会和罪行发生地国家的共同努力下建立，由国际社会所公认的检察官、法官和一国国内的司法人员共同组成，对一国国家特定时期内所发生的一系列罪行进行调查、起诉、审判的机构。它们主要通过联合国与犯罪发生地国签订协约而设立，，具有与犯罪发生地联系紧密、促进当地司法的发展及灵活性等优势，其自产生以来便得到各国的广泛采用，并在国际司法实践中呈现出多样的形态。目前，随着前南刑庭与卢旺达刑庭进入遗留机制，特设临时国际法庭逐步退出历史舞台，而国际刑事法院历经十年方作出其首个判决的事实则注定了其无法独自担当起国际刑事审判的重任。因此，探讨混合法庭能否成为实现转型正义的最好方式，它的理论与实践之间所存在的差距以及各法庭在实践中所面临的独特困境，将对国际刑事司法制度的发展具有深远的意义。本文首先对一般刑事程序意义上的国家法庭与混合法庭进行理论上的梳理，继而对混合法庭的证据搜集制度、审判程序和执行制度分别进行探讨，并进一步将其与国际刑事法院、临时性国际法庭和加卡卡法庭的相关程序进行比较，从而揭示出混合法庭在这三方面的特殊性。之后，本文通过选取塞拉利昂特别法庭、柬埔寨特别法庭和黎巴嫩特别法庭作为个例，对它们在实践中所面临的困境进行具体剖析，指出混合法庭在回应不同国家的需要进行设置时所出现的挑战。最后，本文总结出混合法庭不仅是对国际法庭与国内法庭的重要补充，还是今后国际社会实现转型正义最具前途与最灵活的机制。
[Abstract]:In order to address the question of the lawlessness and impunity of international criminal justice, the international community is responding to the practice of prosecuting war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, aggression and other crimes of a similar nature, Constantly developing a new trial model that integrates the judicial systems of various countries. Whether it is the Nuremberg trial, the Tokyo trial, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, or the establishment of the International Criminal Court, Are constantly promoting the realization of peace and dignity, the supreme goal of international law, which concerns the well-being and justice of the peoples of the world. Mixed court is a new thing to realize transitional justice. It was established through the joint efforts of the international community and the State in which the crime was committed, and is composed of prosecutors, judges and the judiciary of a State recognized by the international community, A body that conducts investigations, prosecutions, and trials of a series of crimes committed during a given period of time in a country. They were established mainly through the signing of a treaty between the United Nations and the country where the crime took place, and have the advantages of being closely linked to the place where the crime occurred and promoting the development and flexibility of local justice, which has been widely used by States since its inception, And presents various forms in the international judicial practice. At present, as ICTY and ICTR enter the legacy mechanism, the ad hoc interim International Tribunal gradually withdraws from the historical stage. The fact that the ICC handed down its first verdict after a decade is doomed that it cannot take on the task of international criminal justice alone. Exploring, therefore, whether hybrid tribunals can be the best way to achieve transformational justice, the gaps between their theory and practice and the unique difficulties faced by the tribunals in practice, It will be of great significance to the development of international criminal justice system. This article firstly combs the national court and the mixed court in the sense of general criminal procedure, and then discusses the evidence collection system, trial procedure and execution system of the mixed court, respectively. Furthermore, it is compared with the relevant procedures of the International Criminal Court, the temporary International Tribunal and the Gacaca Court, thus revealing the particularity of the mixed Court in these three aspects. After that, this paper takes the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Special Court for Cambodia and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon as examples to analyze the difficulties they face in practice. The challenges faced by the mixed courts in responding to the needs of different countries are pointed out. Finally, this paper concludes that the hybrid court is not only an important supplement to the international and domestic courts, but also the most promising and flexible mechanism for the international community to realize the transitional justice in the future.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D997.9

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