论国际刑事法院检察官调查权的行使

发布时间：2018-05-26 07:45

本文选题：国际刑事法院 + 检察官　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际刑事法院检察官启动调查程序标志着国际刑事法院诉讼程序的开始,因此,国际刑事法院检察官在每一起案件或情势中都会受到各方的特别关注。根据《国际刑事法院规约》的相关规定,国际刑事法院检察官可以基于三种原因(联合国安理会提交情势、缔约国提交情势、检察官自行提起调查)启动调查程序,但前提是必须遵循相应的原则和符合相应的条件,因此检察官启动调查程序不是随意的。调查程序一旦启动,检察官在行使调查权时就有从速和公正调查的义务。检察官可以采取一般的调查措施,如收集和保全证据,也可以依据相关规定要求有关国家给予刑事司法合作,还可以基于缔约国的同意而在一国直接展开调查。由于国际刑事法院检察官行使调查权所带来的不利后果以及其在国际社会的影响力,使得国际社会的不同利益团体对其产生了抵触,在行使调查权时,不可避免的会发生不同利害关系主体之间的权力和利益冲突,如检察官调查权与国家主权的冲突,检察官调查权与国际政治的冲突,检察官调查权与联合国安理会职权的冲突,检察官调查权与法官审查权的冲突等。这些冲突是我们研究检察官调查权不可忽视的问题,尤其是对检察官行使自行调查权将产生很大的影响。这些冲突能否合理的化解,关系着检察官是否能客观、公正的行使调查权以实现惩治国际社会上最重犯罪这一目的。目前国际社会对检察官自行调查权的设立仍是各执一词。1998年6月15日,在联合国建立国际刑事法院全权代表外交大会上,中国代表团就认为《国际刑事法院规约》关于检察官自行调查权的规定,实际上使得检察官的权力过大,检察官依据个人提供的情报,就可以开始调查程序,这在一定程度上能够直接影响或干扰国家的司法主权,这也成为我国拒绝加入《国际刑事法院规约》的原因之一。我们在担心检察官行使自行调查权时会滥用权力、侵犯国家主权、损害法院公正与独立的同时,也不得不肯定确立检察官自行调查权对国际刑法所产生的积极影响。不可否认的是这一制度的确立是人类社会在实现普遍正义这一法律理想的道路上迈出的重要一步。本文以《国际刑事法院规约》中的相关规定为依据,对检察官在国际刑事法院的地位、作用,检察官办公室的设置,检察官行使调查权遵循的原则、以及在行使权力时采取的措施做了简单的概述,并结合案例对三种启动调查的方式分别作了评述,尤其对检察官自行调查权的设置背景、检察官行使自行调查权时受到的制约、以及检察官行使自行调查权存在的问题进行比较细致的论述。本文对《国际刑事法院规约》关于检察官自行提起调查的规定给予肯定,并认为建立一个强有力的国际刑事司法机构,既有利于惩治国际社会“最严重的犯罪”,也符合国际社会的现实需要。同时认为我国应当主动加入《国际刑事法院规约》,积极参与《国际刑事法院规约》的修订,并在国际刑事法院的各个方面发挥其大国应有的影响力,以维护我国的合法利益,而不应该成为一个局外的反对者。
[Abstract]:The initiation of the investigation procedure by the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court marks the beginning of the proceedings of the International Criminal Court. Therefore, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court will be given special attention in every case or situation. According to the regulations of the International Criminal Court, the prosecutor of the ICC may be based on three reasons. The State Security Council submits the situation, the state party submits the situation, the prosecutor brings up the investigation by itself, and starts the investigation procedure, but the premise is to follow the corresponding principles and conform to the corresponding conditions. Therefore, the prosecutor starts the investigation procedure. As soon as the investigation procedure is started, the prosecutor has the duty of speeding and impartial investigation in the exercise of the investigative power. The prosecutor may take general investigative measures, such as collecting and preserving evidence, and may also require relevant States to cooperate in Criminal Justice on the basis of relevant provisions, and can also conduct a direct investigation in a country based on the consent of the State Party. The adverse consequences of the exercise of the right of investigation by the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court and its presence in the international community are also possible. The influence of the different interests of the international community is incompatible with them. In the exercise of the power of investigation, the conflict of power and interests between the different stakeholders will inevitably occur, such as the conflict between the prosecutor's investigation power and the state sovereignty, the conflict between the prosecutor's investigation power and the interstate politics, the prosecutor's investigation right and the United State security. The conflict is the conflict of the power of the procurator and the conflict of the judge's right of examination. These conflicts are the problems that we can not ignore, especially for the prosecutor to exercise the right of self-investigation. Whether the conflict can be resolved reasonably and whether the prosecutor can exercise the right of investigation objectively and impartially. In order to achieve the goal of punishing the most serious crimes in the international community.
At present, the establishment of the right of self-investigation of the prosecutor in the international community is still a separate word for the June 15th.1998. At the United Nations establishment of an international criminal court plenipotentiary diplomatic conference, the Chinese Delegation believed that the provisions of the statute of the International Criminal Court on the right to investigate the prosecutor's own right of investigation made the prosecutor's power too large and the prosecutor's basis The information provided by the individual can start the investigation procedure, which can directly affect or interfere with the state's judicial sovereignty to some extent, which is one of the reasons for our refusal to join the statute of the International Criminal Court. We are worried that the prosecutor will abuse power, infringe state sovereignty, and impair justice and independence of the court when the prosecutor exercises its own self-investigation power. At the same time, it must be affirmative to establish the positive influence of the prosecutor's self-investigation right on the international criminal law. It is undeniable that the establishment of this system is an important step on the road of human society to realize the legal ideal of universal justice.
On the basis of the relevant provisions of the statute of the International Criminal Court, this paper gives a brief overview of the status and role of the prosecutor in the International Criminal Court, the establishment of the office of the prosecutor, the principles followed by the prosecutor in exercising the right to investigate, and the measures taken in exercising power, and the three ways of starting the investigation in combination with the case. In particular, the background of the right to investigate the prosecutor, the restriction of the prosecutor's exercise of its own power of investigation, and the problem of the procurator's exercise of the right of self-investigation are discussed in detail. This article affirms the provisions of the statute of the International Criminal Court on the procurator's own investigation and the establishment of a strong point. The powerful international criminal judiciary is not only conducive to the punishment of the "most serious crimes" in the international community, but also in accordance with the practical needs of the international community. At the same time, it is believed that China should actively join the statute of the International Criminal Court, actively participate in the revision of the statute of the International Criminal Court, and give full play to its great powers in all aspects of the International Criminal Court. In order to safeguard our legitimate interests, we should not be an outsider.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.9

【引证文献】