国际劳工标准执行：多维合作论

发布时间：2018-06-01 00:33

本文选题：国际劳工法 + 国际劳工保护　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：国际劳工标准问题是近十几年来国际社会十分关注的一个热点,其中国际劳工标准的内涵和外延、核心国际劳工标准的界定、是否应当在多边贸易谈判中引入劳工条款等都产生了巨大争议,而本文围绕这些争议以国际劳工标准执行为轴串联起相关问题,分析国际劳工标准执行遇到巨大挑战的原因,提出通过国际劳工组织与其他相关主体的多维合作方式解决国际劳工标准的执行问题。国际劳工标准执行问题本身也是国际劳工法实施的问题,正所谓“无案不成法,无法不成理”,案例研究为我们开辟一条直白和清晰的研究路径和解决之道。除结论外,论文的主体部分共分为五章。第一章简要论述了国际劳工保护的历史发展和国际劳工标准的理念。着重介绍了劳工关系与劳工权利保护的历史,从历史的角度列举了资本主义早期的、有代表性的国别劳工法：英国劳工法、荷兰劳工法、法国劳工法及美国劳工法。由此可见,劳工权利保护发端于西方国家的国内社会治理,而今这种治理模式已经全球化。国际劳工标准(核心劳工标准)的确立和认同是国际社会对保护劳工权利的一种有益实践,是普世价值的重要体现。国际劳工标准的概念、内涵、外延的形成和发展正体现了这种普世价值观和人类社会的基本需要。第二章讨论了国际劳工标准执行的维度,分别讲述了国际劳工保护与人权法理论、国际劳工保护与国际秩序两对范畴。首先,国际劳工保护本质上是国际人权的要求,国际劳工法是国际人权法的重要分支,国际人权法的基本理论、基本原理适用于国际劳工法,简言之国际人权法与国际劳工法存在上下级统属关系。其次,国际劳工保护与国际秩序是相互保障、相互制约、相互促进的一对范畴。国际劳工保护是国际秩序的基本要求,稳定的国际秩序是国际劳工保护的基本条件。第三章主要论述了国际劳工标准执行所面临的环境和种种挑战,例如国际劳工标准执行机制受到广泛质疑、国际劳工组织会员国采纳“基本劳工公约”数量和比率都不高、大多数基本劳工公约执行还停留在会员国的自愿基础上、执行程序的有效性、透明度不够。本章重点还讨论了贸易协定与劳工标准挂钩的可能性及其相互影响。发达国家通过多边贸易框架内对违反劳工标准的发展中国家进行制裁企图没有实现,是因为这不符合国际社会的基本价值理念,也违反了主权国家平等协商原则,更主要的是该措施本质上是“损人不利己的”。尽管在双边和区域层面上嵌入“劳工条款”有蔓延之势,但实质上“劳工条款”没有对贸易格局产生重大影响,贸易协定中的“劳工条款”对促进劳工标准执行的国别计划影响也十分有限。第四章通过对涉及国际劳工组织的案例述评、贸易协定中案例述评及其他国际劳工标准执行方式的述评,证明国际劳工标准实施途径的多样化,实施主体的多元化,实施内容的扩展化。同时印证本文主旨——多维合作方式的有效性和正当性。从这一系列案例分析亦可得出：西方国家试图通过贸易制裁来追求所谓的“劳工领域的公平正义”是行不通的,也没有实践支撑,而通过国际劳工组织的国别计划、与当地政府合作计划、能力培训项目、与企业合作项目等不仅可以改善劳工状况,而且能有效提升当地政府或主管部门的劳工保护水平。简而言之,国际劳工标准执行的多维合作方式在理论上具有正当性,在实践上具有可行性。第五章主要论述国际劳工标准执行的中国挑战、中国实践、中国经验,包含与国际合作和实施国际劳工标准的挑战,本章还着重论述了国际劳工组织的“体面劳动”中国国别计划,及中国与他国(区域集团)涉劳纠纷中的实践情况,最后简要论述了可以借鉴的欧盟社会政策。四个方面的内容力证中国在国际劳工标准执行领域所取得的进步以及存在的不足,希望各级政府和社会伙伴更加积极参与国际劳工标准执行,通过多维合作方式提升中国执行国际劳工标准的能力。结论部分总结全文,重申国际劳工标准执行的多维合作路径是各层级法律实践和法律经验的总结。
[Abstract]:The international labor standard is a hot topic of concern in the international community in the past decade. The connotation and extension of the international labor standards, the definition of the core international labor standards, the introduction of labor terms in the multilateral trade negotiations, and so on, have produced great disputes. This article is carried out around these disputes by international labor standards. The issue of the implementation of international labour standards through multidimensional cooperation between the International Labour Organization and other related subjects. The issue of the implementation of international labour standards is also a question of the implementation of international labour law. The case study has opened up a clear and clear research path and solution for us.
In addition to the conclusion, the main part of the thesis is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter briefly discusses the historical development of international labor protection and the concept of international labor standards. It focuses on the history of labor relations and labor rights protection. From a historical point of view, it enumerates the early and representative country labor law of Capitalism: the British Labour Law, the law of the Holland, the French labor law and the American labor law. It is clear that the protection of labor rights originates from the domestic social governance of the western countries, and now this mode of governance has been globalized. The establishment and identification of international labor standards (core labor standards) is a useful practice for the international community to protect labor rights and is an important embodiment of universal value. The formation and development of this world embodies the universal values and the basic needs of human society.
The second chapter discusses the dimensions of the implementation of international labor standards, including the international labor protection and human rights law theory, the two pairs of international labor protection and international order. First, the international labor protection is essentially the requirement of international human rights. International labor law is an important branch of international human rights law, the basic theory of international human rights law and the basic original. It is suitable for international labor law. In brief, international human rights law and international labor law have upper and lower subordinate relations. Secondly, international labor protection and international order are mutual protection, mutual restraint and mutual promotion. International labor protection is the basic requirement of international order and stable international order is the basic article of International labor protection. Pieces.
The third chapter mainly discusses the environment and challenges facing the implementation of international labour standards, for example, the implementation mechanism of international labour standards is widely questioned, the number and ratio of the ILO member states adopt the "basic Labour Convention", and the implementation of most of the basic labour conventions is still on the voluntary basis of the member states. The effectiveness and transparency of the procedure are not enough. This chapter also focuses on the possibility of the linkage of trade agreements with labour standards and their mutual influence. The failure of developed countries to impose sanctions on developing countries that violate labour standards in the framework of multilateral trade is because it does not conform to the basic values of the international community and is violated. The principle of equal consultation in sovereign states, more importantly, is essentially "loss of interest". Despite the spread of "labour clause" on the bilateral and regional levels, the essence of the "labour clause" does not have a significant impact on the trade pattern, and the "labour clause" in the trade agreement promotes the implementation of labour standards. The impact of the country's country plan is also very limited.
In the fourth chapter, a review of cases involving international labour organizations, a review of cases in trade agreements and the commentary of other international labor standards, proves that the implementation of international labor standards is diversified, the implementation of the main body is diversified, and the implementation of the content is expanded. It can also be concluded from this series of cases that western countries are not able to pursue the so-called "fair and justice in the field of labour" through trade sanctions, and there is no practical support. Through the International Labour Organization's country plan, the cooperation program with the local government, the capacity training program, and the enterprise cooperation project are not only available. In order to improve the labor situation and effectively improve the level of labor protection in the local government or the competent authorities. In short, the multi-dimensional cooperation method implemented by the international labor standards is justified in theory and practicable in practice.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the challenges of the implementation of international labor standards, China's practice and China's experience, including the challenges of international cooperation and implementation of international labor standards. This chapter also focuses on the "decent work" of the International Labour Organization in China, and the practice in the disputes involving China and other countries (regional groups). It is necessary to discuss the social policies of the European Union that can be used for reference. The content of the four aspects is to testified to China's progress in the field of international labor standards implementation and its shortcomings. It is hoped that the government and social partners at all levels will participate more actively in the implementation of International Labour Standards and enhance the ability of China to implement international labour standards through multi-dimensional cooperation.
The conclusion summarizes the full text and reiterates the multidimensional cooperation path of international labor standards implementation, which is a summary of legal practice and legal experience at all levels.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D998.2

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