SCM协议中的专向性标准研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 13:44

本文选题：补贴 + 专向性　；参考：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：补贴对国际经济的影响具有两面性,一方面其国家可以运用补贴促进产业升级、提升落后地区竞争力,而另一方面如果各国不合理地授予其国内产业补贴会导致国际贸易扭曲、市场机制失灵,从而阻碍自由贸易的发展。因此对无限制的补贴采取反补贴措施是促进贸易自由化的必要措施,然而如何判断补贴的合理性是一个极具争议的话题。如果判断标准不明,基于贸易保护的考虑,各国滥用反补贴措施也会阻碍贸易自由化的进程。几经周折,在乌拉圭回合中达成的《补贴与反补贴措施协议》(SCM协议)采用了专向性标准来判断补贴的合理性,对于不符合专向性标准的补贴是不能采取反补贴措施的。近年来,我国面临的反补贴调查迅速增长,因此对专向性标准的研究对我国应对国际贸易争端,维护我国的贸易利益具有十分重要的作用。本文通过对专向性标准的起源、内涵的发展,并结合美国以及WTO有关案例进行探讨,以期全面展现SCM协议中的专向性标准的内涵。本文正文分如下四个部分。第一部分是专向性标准的概述。这一部分首先介绍了补贴的定义,然后从补贴定义出发讨论对补贴的分类,进而引出专向性标准,并结合SCM协议的条文对专向性标准进行讨论。第二部分是讨论美国反补贴法中的专向性标准及实践。因为专向性标准来源于美国的国内法,因此这一部分讨论了美国国内产生专向性标准的历史过程,并结合炭黑案、软木案、PPG案对专向性标准的逐步发展成熟进行论述。第三部分论述SCM协议中的专向性标准及实践。本部分首先叙述了SCM协议中专向性标准出台的历史经过,并就专向性标准中重要的名词进行展开解释,并结合WTO中的案例进行探讨。第四部分探讨我国的应对措施。首先探讨补贴制度中不符合专向性标准的制度,对于这部分制度我国应该尽快作出相应的改革,以使自身在国际贸易争端中处于有利地位。其次,本部分还讨论了我国对各国对我国采取的反补贴措施的应对措施。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, subsidies can be used to promote industrial upgrading and enhance the competitiveness of backward regions. On the other hand, if countries unreasonably grant subsidies to their domestic industries, it will lead to the distortion of international trade. The failure of market mechanism hinders the development of free trade. Therefore, countervailing measures against unlimited subsidies are necessary measures to promote trade liberalization. However, how to judge the rationality of subsidies is a controversial topic. If the criteria are unclear, the abuse of countervailing measures by countries on the grounds of trade protection could also hinder the process of trade liberalization. After several setbacks, the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures reached in the Uruguay Round (SCM Agreement) adopted the specific criterion to judge the rationality of the subsidy, and the countervailing measures could not be taken for the subsidies which did not meet the specific criteria. In recent years, the investigation of countervailing has been increasing rapidly in China, so the research on the specialized standard plays an important role in dealing with international trade disputes and safeguarding our trade interests. This paper discusses the origin and connotation of the specificity standard and discusses the related cases of the United States and WTO in order to fully show the connotation of the specialized standard in the SCM protocol. The text of this paper is divided into four parts as follows. The first part is an overview of specific standards. This part first introduces the definition of subsidies, then discusses the classification of subsidies from the definition of subsidies, and then leads to the criteria of specificity, and discusses the criteria of specificity in combination with the provisions of the SCM protocol. The second part discusses the specific standard and practice of American countervailing law. Because the specificity standard originates from the domestic law of the United States, this part discusses the historical process of producing the specialized standard in the United States, and discusses the gradual development and maturity of the specialized standard in combination with the case of carbon black and the PPG case of cork. The third part discusses the specific standard and practice of SCM protocol. This part first describes the history of the introduction of the specialized standard in the SCM protocol, and explains the important terms in the specificity standard, and discusses the case in WTO. The fourth part discusses the countermeasures of our country. First of all, we discuss the system which does not conform to the specific standard in the subsidy system. We should make corresponding reforms to this part of the system as soon as possible in order to make ourselves in a favorable position in the international trade dispute. Secondly, this part also discusses the countervailing measures taken by China.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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