国际海运承运人过失免责制度的探究

发布时间：2018-06-01 23:03

本文选题：国际海运 + 过失免责制度　；参考：《天津财经大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际海上货物运输法律的核心问题之一是承运人责任制度,因此,国际海运的承运人过失免责制度的存废难题也成了国际海上货物运输立法上一个不可回避的焦点。海运业的发展对我国经济水平的提高也具有重要作用,海运业法律制度的完善是保障海运业良好发展的必要支撑,而承运人的责任制度,采取何种归责原则,对海运业的法律制度至关重要,对海运秩序和承运双方的权利义务也影响甚深。我国现行《海商法》虽然大量借鉴了国际公约的内容,但我国并未加入相关国际公约,国际海运的最新立法并没有及时在《海商法》中及时更新。该篇文章在系统地介绍国际海运承运人过失免责制度的历史沿革的基础上,分别阐述了保留过失免责制度和废除过失免责制度的理由,明确了随着科技的日益进步,现代通讯技术在国际海运业的不断应用,以及造船业进一步发展和航海水平的显著提高,取消国际海运承运人过失免责制度已是历史发展的趋势。同时进一步分析了废除过失免责制度对承运人及相关海事法律制度的影响,并立足我国客观国情,提出我国目前需保留过失免责制度,取消过失免责制度的时机尚未成熟,但仍需顺应历史的趋势,为取消过失免责制度做好准备。保持足够的法律理性,同时借助有效的科学论证,进一步修改和完善《海商法》,修改落后、不完善的规则,使我国海运制度更加严谨。也只有充分了解了国际统一化进程中各国、各机构的立场,才能以后的国际公约的缔结过程中提出能够被各方所接受的立提案,才能最大限度保护我国的利益。
[Abstract]:The carrier liability system is one of the core issues in the international law of carriage of goods by sea. Therefore, the difficulty of the carrier fault exemption system in international maritime transport has become an unavoidable focus in the legislation of international carriage of goods by sea. The development of shipping industry also plays an important role in the improvement of economic level of our country. The perfection of legal system of shipping industry is the necessary support to ensure the good development of shipping industry, and the liability system of carrier, what kind of imputation principle is adopted, It is of great importance to the legal system of shipping industry, and also to the order of shipping and the rights and obligations of both parties. Although China's current Maritime Law has borrowed a great deal from the contents of international conventions, China has not joined the relevant international conventions, and the latest legislation on international maritime transport has not been updated in time in Maritime Law. On the basis of systematically introducing the history of the fault exemption system of international maritime carriers, this paper expounds the reasons for retaining the fault exemption system and abolishing the fault exemption system, and clarifies that with the development of science and technology, With the continuous application of modern communication technology in the international shipping industry, the further development of shipbuilding industry and the remarkable improvement of navigation level, it is a historical development trend to abolish the fault exemption system of international maritime carriers. At the same time, the influence of abolishing fault exemption system on carrier and related maritime legal system is analyzed, and based on the objective situation of our country, the author points out that our country needs to retain fault exemption system at present, and the time is not ripe to cancel fault exemption system. However, we still need to conform to the trend of history and prepare for the abolition of fault exemption system. To maintain sufficient legal rationality, at the same time, with the help of effective scientific argumentation, to further modify and perfect Maritime Code, to amend the backward and imperfect rules, so as to make our maritime shipping system more rigorous. Only when we fully understand the positions of countries and institutions in the process of international unification, can we put forward proposals which can be accepted by all parties in the process of concluding international conventions, and protect the interests of our country to the maximum extent.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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