公海深海底层渔业国际管理进展

发布时间：2018-06-08 02:10

本文选题：深海渔业 + 脆弱海洋生态系统　；参考：《水产学报》2014年05期

【摘要】：以底拖网为代表的深海底层渔业对深海脆弱海洋生态系统的危害受到国际社会的热切关注。2003年以来联合国大会多次通过决议,呼吁各国各自并通过RFMO/As采取行动,根据预防性原则,采用基于生态系统的管理方法,评估深海底层渔业对脆弱海洋生态系统的影响,若评估表明确有重大不利影响,则应采取有效措施限制深海底层渔业以降低这种影响;FAO主要从技术角度制定了《公海深海渔业管理国际指南》,为管理公海深海渔业和保护脆弱海洋生态系统提出了技术标准和管理框架;RFMO承担着具体执行深海底层渔业管理措施和监督管理的责任,在北大西洋、地中海、南太平洋的公海和南极水域,相关RFMO已采取了暂停部分区域底拖网渔业活动、收集数据、评估底拖网对脆弱海洋生态系统的影响等措施,在北太平洋,新成立的北太平洋渔业管理委员会将公海底层渔业管理作为首要目标。环保非政府组织和部分科学家呼吁禁止公海深海底层渔业,但各国对此的立场尚不一致,产业界大多持反对立场。近期来看,尚难以全面禁止公海的深海底层渔业。中国正在发展公海大洋渔业,需对此密切关注,加强跟踪研究以支撑决策,并应发展和使用选择性渔具和对生态环境无害的作业方式,防止对脆弱海洋生态系统产生损害性影响。
[Abstract]:The damage to the deep-sea bottom fishery, represented by bottom trawl on the deep-sea fragile marine ecosystem, has been deeply concerned by the international community. The United Nations General Assembly has passed the resolution several times since.2003, calling on each country to take action through RFMO/As and to assess deep seabed fisheries based on the precautionary principle and the use of a system based management method. On the impact of fragile marine ecosystems, if the assessment has significant adverse effects, effective measures should be taken to limit deep-sea bottom fisheries to reduce such effects; FAO has formulated the international guide to the management of deep sea fisheries management in the high seas from a technical point of view, which provides a technical standard for the management of deep sea fisheries in the high seas and for the protection of fragile marine ecosystems. The quasi and management framework; RFMO is responsible for the specific implementation of the deep seabed fisheries management measures and supervision. In the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the South Pacific on the high seas and Antarctic waters, the related RFMO has taken measures to suspend the bottom trawl activities in some areas, collect data and assess the impact of bottom trawling on vulnerable marine ecosystems, In the North Pacific, the newly established North Pacific Fisheries Management Committee has taken the management of the public seabed fisheries as its primary goal. Environmental non-governmental organizations and some scientists have called for the prohibition of deep sea bottom fisheries in the high seas. However, the position of all countries is not consistent and the industry is mostly opposed to the standing. In the near future, it is still difficult to completely ban the deep sea. Seabed fisheries. China is developing ocean fisheries in the high seas. It needs to pay close attention to this, to strengthen tracking research to support decision-making, and to develop and use selective fishing gear and ecological environment harmless operation methods to prevent the damaging effects on vulnerable marine ecosystems.
【作者单位】：上海海洋大学海洋科学学院;上海海洋大学海洋政策与法律研究所大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：农业部财政专项(8002-11-0085) 水产学上海市一流学科
【分类号】：S937;D993.5

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