《中国入世议定书》在WTO中的法律地位

发布时间：2018-06-08 16:00

本文选题：《中国入世议定书》 + 《WTO协定》　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究入世议定书,尤其是《中国入世议定书》及其中承诺的文章不在少数,特别是近几年来随着我国在世界贸易组织(以下简称WTO)争端解决中屡屡败诉的消息传来,不仅仅是国内学者,还有很多国外学者开始重新审视中国入世议定书。本文也是尝试对《中国入世议定书》在WTO中的法律地位进行定性。但是,目前对于入世议定书的探讨,大多集中在案例分析以及具体条款的解释上,对于《中国入世议定书》改变了《WTO协定》中的权利义务以及这些改变如何具有国际法上的约束力等问题却思虑甚少。本文即打算从近期关注较少的WTO争端解决的法律适用问题入手,提出WTO争端解决适用法律系统的独立性,即入世议定书本不属于WTO争端解决所适用的法律,以此揭示造成当前中国对WTO争端解决判决不满的根本原因。但本文没有仅仅停留在原因分析上,而是进一步为入世议定书能够适用于WTO争端解决寻求立法意图、条款文本、法律体系等方面的解释,既使得WTO争端解决适用入世议定书具有合理性,又有利于入世议定书承诺方行使自身的权利。本文主要运用比较分析和案例分析方法,力图证明：《中国入世议定书》能够适用于WTO争端解决,同时中国也能够援引《WTO协定》中的例外条款对《中国入世议定书》中的义务进行免责,甚至能够通过《WTO协定》中的修改条款最终改变《中国入世议定书》中不合理的超WTO义务。总的来说,关键问题就是探索《中国入世议定书》在WTO中的法律地位。具体而言,本文将分四章展开论述：第一章探讨WTO争端解决的法律适用问题,即WTO争端解决机构(以下简称DSB)在处理WTO争端时,适用的法律是否有限制,这是回答入世议定书在WTO中法律地位问题的前提和基础；第二章分析《中国入世议定书》条款的特殊性,DSB审理各类纠纷时适用的法律虽然不是完全相同的,但是都是具有普遍性的条约和规定,而《中国入世议定书》条款的特殊性导致了中国在争端解决过程中的特殊情况,这说明解决《中国入世议定书》在WTO中法律地位问题的迫切性和必要性；基于第一章的探讨得出结论,入世议定书并不适用于WTO争端解决,但是当前的国际实践基本未对入世议定书的适用性提出过质疑,故第三章将介绍《中国入世议定书》在实践中是如何适用于WTO争端解决的,以及一些对此产生了质疑的学者提出的他们自己的理论构想；第四章将在总结国际实践和学者的理论构想的基础上,通过解析“组成部分”“《WTO协定》”等词的含义,提出入世议定书与《WTO协定》的融合方式,最终找到《中国入世议定书》在WTO中的法律地位问题的答案。
[Abstract]:There are not a few articles studying the protocol of accession to the WTO, especially the Protocol of China's accession to the WTO and its commitments. Especially in recent years, with the news that China has repeatedly lost its case in the dispute settlement of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Not only domestic scholars, but also many foreign scholars began to re-examine China's accession to the WTO Protocol. This paper also attempts to analyze the legal status of China's WTO accession Protocol. However, at present, most of the discussions on the protocol of accession to the WTO have focused on case studies and the interpretation of specific provisions. However, there is little thought about how the Protocol of China's entry into WTO has changed the rights and obligations in the WTO Agreement and how these changes have binding force in international law. This paper intends to start with the issue of the application of WTO dispute settlement law, which is less concerned in the near future, and proposes the independence of the applicable legal system of WTO dispute settlement, that is, the WTO Protocol is not the law applicable to WTO dispute settlement. In this way, the root cause of China's dissatisfaction with WTO dispute settlement decision is revealed. However, this paper does not only focus on the cause analysis, but also seeks the interpretation of the legislative intention, the text of the articles, the legal system, and so on, for the WTO protocol to be applicable to the WTO dispute settlement. It not only makes WTO dispute settlement and application of WTO Protocol reasonable, but also benefits the parties to the WTO Protocol to exercise their rights. By means of comparative analysis and case analysis, this paper tries to prove that the Protocol of China's entry into WTO can be applied to the settlement of WTO disputes. At the same time, China can also invoke the exception clauses in the WTO Agreement to exempt China from the obligations in the Protocol of China's entry into WTO, and even can eventually change the unreasonable excess WTO obligations in the Protocol of China's entry into WTO by amending the provisions in the Agreement. In general, the key issue is to explore the legal status of China's WTO accession Protocol. Specifically, this paper will be divided into four chapters: the first chapter discusses the legal application of WTO dispute settlement, that is, the WTO dispute settlement body (hereinafter referred to as DSBs) when dealing with WTO disputes, the applicable law is limited. This is the premise and basis for answering the question of the legal status of the Protocol of accession to the WTO. Chapter two analyzes the particularity of the provisions of the Protocol on China's accession to the WTO. Although the law applicable to the DSB in handling all kinds of disputes is not exactly the same, However, they are all universal treaties and regulations, and the particularity of the articles of the Protocol on China's accession to the WTO leads to the special circumstances of China in the process of dispute settlement. This shows the urgency and necessity of resolving the legal status of the Protocol of China's accession to the WTO, and based on the discussion in Chapter 1, it is concluded that the Protocol of accession to the WTO is not applicable to the settlement of WTO disputes. However, the current international practice has not questioned the applicability of the WTO Protocol, so the third chapter will introduce how the Protocol of China's entry into WTO is applicable to the WTO dispute settlement in practice. The fourth chapter will analyze the meaning of the words "components" and "WTO Agreement" on the basis of summing up international practice and scholars' theoretical ideas. This paper puts forward the way of merging the protocol of accession to the WTO and the Agreement of WTO, and finally finds out the answer to the legal status of the Protocol of China's entry into WTO.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D996.1

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