国际法视角下的气候变化西方语境与中国因应

发布时间：2018-06-09 00:27

本文选题：气候变化 + 联合国气候变化框架公约　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着《京都议定书》所规定的第一承诺期将于2012年到期,西方社会有抛弃《联合国气候变化框架公约》、绕开《京都议定书》并制定应对气候变化国际新规则的意图,从而达到逼迫发展中国家,尤其是中国承担温室气体强制减排责任的目的。以欧美为代表的西方发达国家一直在争夺并掌控着气候变化国际法事务的规则拟定权和话语权,而这种掌控权的理论基础和语言背景就形成了气候变化的西方语境。在气候变化的国际谈判和国际法理论研究中,主要发达国家利用其逐步建立的西方语境,在新技术革命的背景下通过创建和引导各种政策来对全球国际政治和经济利益进行再分配,成功把握了气候变化领域规则制定的话语权和制度实施的掌控权。哥本哈根会议是中国应对气候变化,促进国内二氧化碳减排的转折点。虽然根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》,我国没有承担温室气体减排的强制性义务,但在哥本哈根会议后,我国承诺了二氧化碳排放的自主减排责任,并愈加以更加积极的态度应对气候变化国际法事务。本文在选取典型西方国家法律法规、政策等规范性文件、学术论文等文本为研究对象的基础上,分析和总结气候变化议题上的西方语境,深入研究其背后的理论基础和话语基础,剖析中国所面临的国际法困境和挑战,并尝试指出中国当下的正当性话语来源和未来的战略选择。从而在气候变化国际谈判日趋复杂的新形势下创造出能与西方语境交锋,并在气候变化国际法事务中应用的中国本土话语来源。这也是在气候变化议题上为国家战略奠定正当性基础的话语系统的初步尝试和探索。本文第一章简要介绍气候变化从自然科学到国际法学的理论演变过程。包括气候变化的国际法内涵,及国际法律形成和发展的趋势等。第二章着重总结气候变化的西方语境,选取美欧为例,在阐述其气候变化政策与法律的基础上,从国际法事务和国际法研究两个方面来深入分析并总结气候变化的西方语境。第三章指出中国应对气候变化西方语境的话语来源。包括法律及政策来源、产业实践来源和学理来源,着重指出了在国际法上我国需要对“共同但有区别责任”原则、“人均排放权”主张与公平原则加以学理上的深化,从而形成反驳西方语境的正当性话语来源和理论基础,并可尝试应用国际环境法国家责任的私法化理论从新的角度看待气候变化问题。第四章作为余论,指出未来中国应对气候变化国际法律事务的基本态度,即统筹协调国际国外两个大局以及气候变化与政治经济的敛合。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012, the Western community has the intention to abandon the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, bypass the Kyoto Protocol and formulate new international rules to deal with climate change. So as to force developing countries, especially China, to assume the responsibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Western developed countries, represented by Europe and the United States, have been fighting for and controlling the right to formulate and speak the rules of climate change international law affairs, and the theoretical basis and linguistic background of this kind of control power has formed the western context of climate change. In the context of international negotiations on climate change and the theoretical study of international law, the major developed countries have taken advantage of their evolving Western context, In the context of the new technological revolution, the global international political and economic interests are redistributed through the creation and guidance of various policies, which successfully grasps the right to speak in the field of climate change and to control the implementation of the system. Copenhagen was a turning point for China to tackle climate change and promote carbon dioxide emissions reduction at home. Although according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol, China has no mandatory obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, after the Copenhagen Conference, China promised its own responsibility for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. And increasingly a more proactive approach to climate change international affairs. On the basis of selecting normative documents such as laws, regulations, policies, academic papers and other texts of typical western countries as research objects, this paper analyzes and summarizes the western context on climate change issues. This paper deeply studies the theoretical basis and discourse basis behind it, analyzes the dilemma and challenge of international law faced by China, and tries to point out the source of legitimate discourse and the strategic choice in the future. Therefore, in the new situation of the increasingly complex international negotiations on climate change, we can create a source of Chinese local discourse that can confront the Western context and be applied in the international affairs of climate change. This is also a preliminary attempt and exploration of the discourse system which lays a legitimate foundation for the national strategy on the topic of climate change. The first chapter briefly introduces the theoretical evolution of climate change from natural science to international law. It includes the international law connotation of climate change and the trend of formation and development of international law. In the second chapter, the western context of climate change is summarized, and the western context of climate change is analyzed and summarized from the two aspects of international law and international law on the basis of expounding its climate change policy and law. The third chapter points out the discourse source of China's response to climate change in the Western context. Including the source of law and policy, the source of industry practice and the source of theory, it is emphasized that our country needs to deepen the principle of "common but differentiated responsibility", the principle of "per capita emission right" and the principle of equity in international law. Therefore, it can form the source and theoretical basis of legitimate discourse to refute the western context, and try to apply the private law theory of state responsibility of international environmental law to treat climate change from a new angle. The fourth chapter, as a conclusion, points out the basic attitude of China to deal with international legal affairs of climate change in the future, that is, to coordinate the two situations of international and foreign countries as well as the convergence of climate change and political economy.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9

【参考文献】