电子提单流通机制的法律研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 06:39

本文选题：电子提单流通机制 + 登记　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统提单商业实践和法律制度经过了几个世纪的运转,有关提单的国际立法和国际惯例已经形成了高度的统一性,《海牙-维斯比规则》得到了普遍接受就是很好的例证。功能的多样性是提单最大的优点,尤其是提单的权利凭证功能不仅实现了提单所记载的运输中的货物的流动性,而且也使提单成为了跟单信用证和海事贸易融资中的质押物。然而,由于现在通讯技术和航运技术的飞速发展大大提高了船舶的航行速度、缩短了航运的周期,同时集装箱现代装卸技术使船舶在港口停滞的时间大幅度缩短,但是提单的流转周期却没有缩短,这导致了“货到单未到”的情况时常发生。比货物提前到达目的港是提单生存的条件之一,如今已面临可能不再存在的威胁,传统提单的生命力逐渐丧失。为改变这一现状,顺应电子商务全球化的发展,电子商务开始应用于海上货物运输领域,在EDI技术与传统提单的成功结合下产生了电子提单。电子提单极大的节约了人力成本,并且加快提单的流转速度,“货到单未到”的状况应刃而解。20世纪末,Bolero电子提单流通机制的成功运转使电子提单在海上货物运输领域的运用进入快速发展的阶段,电子提单取代传统提单已经是大势所趋。虽然电子提单与传统提单相比有诸多优点,但是对于电子提单的实践还没有形成成熟的商业惯例,对于电子提单运转的具体法律规范仍然处于空白状态,因此有必要对实现电子提单流通性的流通机制作深入探究。全文共分四个部分,两万余字。本文第一部分对电子提单的定义作简单探讨,接着运用功能等同原则详细分析了电子提单应该具有的功能,并且通过对电子提单立法的介绍指出电子提单立法与实践存在的差距,然后分别具体介绍了电子提单项目SeaDocs、CMI《电子提单规则》和Bolero电子提单流通机制的失败或者成功的原因。第二部分主要介绍电子提单流通机制的基本法律原理,重点阐述电子提单的“控制”概念及其在电子提单流通机制中的应用,将控制概念贯穿于整个部分的论述,并且在控制概念的基础上具体论证了登记机制这一电子提单交易与跟踪机制的优点,以表明笔者倾向于采用登记机制的理由。第三部分从几个方面详细剖析Bolero机制(提单电子登记组织)的架构和法律原理,评价了该机制实现电子提单流通性的合理性和安全性,表明笔者对该机制的发展前景甚至是否能够演变成为商业惯例持乐观态度。第四部分对电子提单流通机制提出立法建议,期望国际和国内立法机构能够从Bolero机制中提取出电子提单实践的成功经验,完善有关电子提单流通机制的法律规范,建议对电子提单流通机制中的核心内容登记机制做出具体规定,包括登记方资格、对登记行为的要求以及登记的法律效力等内容做出确定性法律规定,以适应电子提单的未来发展趋势。
[Abstract]:The commercial practice and the legal system of the traditional bill of lading have been operated in the centuries . The international legislation and international practice on the bill of lading have formed a high degree of unity . The diversity of the function is the greatest advantage of the bill of lading . However , because of the rapid development of the communication technology and the shipping technology , the time of the ship sailing is greatly shortened . However , because of the rapid development of the communication technology and the shipping technology , the time of the ship ' s arrival in the port is greatly shortened , which leads to the fact that the goods arrive at the port of destination is one of the conditions for the existence of the bill of lading , and the vitality of the traditional bill of lading is gradually lost .

With the development of the globalization of electronic commerce , electronic commerce has begun to be applied to the transport of goods by sea . The electronic bill of lading has greatly saved the labor cost and accelerated the circulation speed of the bill of lading . The successful operation of the electronic bill of lading made the electronic bill of lading made a rapid development stage in the field of carriage of goods by sea .

Although the electronic bill of lading has many advantages over the traditional bill of lading , there is no mature commercial practice for the practice of electronic bill of lading , and the specific legal norm for the operation of electronic bill of lading is still in a blank state , so it is necessary to make an in - depth inquiry into the circulation mechanism to realize the flow of electronic bill of lading .

The full text is divided into four parts , two thousand words .

The first part of this paper makes a brief discussion on the definition of electronic bill of lading , then analyzes the function of electronic bill of lading by means of functional equivalence principle , and points out the gap between the legislation and practice of electronic bill of lading through the introduction of the legislation of electronic bill of lading .

The second part mainly introduces the basic legal principles of the electronic bill of lading circulation mechanism , focuses on the concept of " control " of electronic bill of lading and its application in the electronic bill of lading flow mechanism , through the discussion of the control concept throughout the whole section , and concretely demonstrates the advantages of the electronic bill of lading transaction and tracking mechanism of the registration mechanism on the basis of the control concept , so as to show the reasons why the registration mechanism is inclined to adopt the registration mechanism .

The third part analyzes the structure and legal principles of Bolero mechanism ( bill of lading electronic registration organization ) in detail from several aspects , and evaluates the rationality and security of the mechanism to realize the liquidity of electronic bill of lading .

The fourth part puts forward legislative suggestions on the circulation mechanism of electronic bill of lading . It is expected that the international and domestic legislative bodies can extract the successful experience of electronic bill of lading practice from the Bolero mechanism , perfect the legal norm about the electronic bill of lading circulation mechanism , and make specific provisions on the core content registration mechanism in the electronic bill of lading flow mechanism , including the qualification of the registration party , the requirement of the registration behavior and the legal effect of the registration , so as to suit the future development trend of the electronic bill of lading .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19;F740.4

【参考文献】