TRIPS框架下传统知识保护法律制度的构建

发布时间：2018-06-12 13:50

本文选题：TRIPS + 传统知识　；参考：《北京交通大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：随着信息技术的发展和全球经济一体化时代的到来,传统知识在平衡国际利益、维护生物多样性与文化多样性、促进国际社会公平发展和提高国际社会发展效率等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,在国际社会范围内引起了广泛关注。但是,由于传统知识产生时,类似现行的知识产权制度还没有建立起来,因此,传统知识一直游离于法律保护的边缘。部分发达国家往往免费或以极低代价利用传统知识制成产品或技术并申请专利保护,获取丰厚利润,然而作为传统知识来源的发展中国家不仅不能获取利益甚至对这些知识的使用也受到限制,这种不当利用的现象使得传统知识的存续面临严重威胁。因此,研究在国际范围内如何保护传统知识,将其纳入现代知识产权制度具有重要的理论和实践意义。本论文主要从传统知识的法律界定入手,对其特征和本质进行了概括,然后在比较分析国际社会保护传统知识现状的基础上,论证了在TRIPS框架下对传统知识进行知识产权保护的必要性和可行性,进而提出了在TRIPS框架下构建法律保护制度的设想,即以利益平衡为支点,确立事先知情、利益分享和合理使用例外的三大基本原则,积极确立传统知识持有者的权利,同时加以消极保护,并辅之以合理或正当使用的例外。笔者希望可以通过构建这样一个以消极保护为主、积极保护为辅,以合理使用例外为补充的多重、立体的保护机制,达到既可以保护传统知识所有者的利益,同时也可以鼓励各国合理、积极地使用传统知识,使之存续并得到进一步的发展和完善的目标。论文的最后着眼于我国的实际情况,结合我国作为一个传统知识丰富的发展中大国的实际,对我国目前传统知识保护方面的现状进行了分析,同时,比较和借鉴其他国家或地区的立法和司法实践,对在我国国内构建传统知识的保护制度、积极推动国际立法进程等提出了建议,以增强我国在知识产权领域的竞争力。
[Abstract]:Abstract: with the development of information technology and the coming of the era of global economic integration, traditional knowledge plays a more and more important role in balancing international interests, maintaining biodiversity and cultural diversity, promoting the fair development of the international community and improving the efficiency of the international community, and has caused widespread concern in the international community. However, the existing intellectual property system has not yet been established because of the emergence of traditional knowledge. Therefore, traditional knowledge has been free from the edge of legal protection. Some developed countries often use traditional knowledge for free or at very low cost to make products or technologies and apply for patent protection to obtain rich profits, but as a traditional knowledge. Developing countries are not only unable to obtain benefits and even the use of these knowledge are also restricted. This improper use of the phenomenon makes the survival of traditional knowledge seriously threatened. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study how to protect the traditional knowledge and incorporate it into the modern intellectual property system in the international scope.
This paper, starting with the legal definition of traditional knowledge, summarizes its characteristics and nature. Then, on the basis of comparative analysis of the status of the protection of traditional knowledge in the international community, the necessity and feasibility of the protection of intellectual property in the framework of traditional knowledge under the framework of TRIPS is demonstrated, and then the legal protection under the framework of TRIPS is proposed. The idea of the system is to take the balance of interests as the fulcrum and establish the three basic principles of prior knowledge, benefit sharing and rational use exceptions, and actively establish the rights of the traditional knowledge holders, at the same time, to protect them passively and with the exception of reasonable or proper use. The multiple and three-dimensional protection mechanism, supplemented by protection, can not only protect the interests of the owners of traditional knowledge, but also encourage the rational and active use of traditional knowledge to enable them to continue and achieve further development and improvement. As a big country with rich traditional knowledge, China has made an analysis of the current situation of traditional knowledge protection in our country. At the same time, it compares and draws lessons from the legislative and judicial practice of other countries or regions, and puts forward some suggestions on building the protection system of traditional knowledge and actively promoting the process of international legislation in our country. To enhance our country's competitiveness in the field of intellectual property.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1

【引证文献】