海洋生物资源国际法保护研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 22:05

本文选题：海洋生物资源 + 国际法　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前的时代是海洋主宰世界的时代,海洋生物资源作为海洋资源不可缺少的组成部分,事关世界秩序是否稳定,事关一个国度的命运如何,事关人类可否世代延续、不断繁衍生息。海洋生物资源的魅力从广义上讲就在于其对于整个地球发展的重要性,从狭义上讲就在于它可以为国际上的每一个组成部分提供能源,创造财富,增强其力量,使其发展壮大。因此,它得到了万千宠爱,使得国际主体争相夺之。从15世纪开始,欧洲很多沿海国家就开始开发海洋生物资源,人们对之认知不够,以为其是可以取之不尽用之不竭的,加上当时技术落后等因素,在开采中对之造成了破坏。二战后,科学技术迅猛发展,为海洋大国掠夺海洋生物资源创造了便利条件,提供了技术上的支持,更加激发了它们开采的欲望,它们忽视了海洋生物资源也需要给予保护的事实,任凭海洋环境被破坏,任凭海洋生物资源被侵略,不顾一切地获得利益,如此更加剧了海洋生物资源的受威胁程度。近期,由于一些陆地资源的枯竭,人们更加注重对海洋生物资源的利用,利用程度远远超过了对之的保护程度,这就使得海洋生物资源受破害程度在不断恶化。由于海洋环境的恶化、海洋生物资源的减少等情形使得海洋生物资源不能够满足人类的需求,加上受国际社会认知的提升等因素的影响,海洋生物资源保护逐渐成为了重要议题。在此背景下,从国际法视角研究海洋生物资源保护对于整个海洋生态系统中生物资源的可持续利用具有重要的意义。论文的框架由引言、正文、结论构成。其中正文分为四部分。第一部分是对海洋生物资源国际法保护进行基本阐述。对海洋生物资源国际法保护的内涵予以界定,分析海洋生物资源国际法保护的必要性及其所应坚持的基本原则,由此为文章的继续研究奠定好基础。第二部分对海洋生物资源国际法保护的现行法制进行简要的分析,分别对内水、领海、专属经济区、公海、大陆架和国际海底区域生物资源保护的法律制度予以介绍和分析。第三部分分析了海洋生物资源国际法现行保护存在的缺陷。从立法上,对海洋生物资源国际法保护的两大主要法律依据即《联合国海洋法公约》和《生物多:样性公约》的局限性予以分析;从执法以及司法上,研究了海洋生物资源保护争端解决机制存在的弊端,海洋生物资源保护国际法的执行存在的问题,国际性、区域性组织的监督管理存在的漏洞。同时,对国际环境法产生的新型的遵约机制进行了思考分析。第四部分针对第三部分提出完善海洋生物资源国际法保护的建议。在立法上,从宏观上要推进相关法律理念,在微观上要改善相关的具体制度;在法律的实施机制上,一是要改进争端解决机制,二是要推动执行机制的完善,三是要强化对相关机制的监督、管理。同时,对遵约机制提出了新的建构模式。另外,分析了中国在吸取国际经验的基础上所应采取的完善措施。
[Abstract]:The current era is the time when the ocean dominates the world. The marine biological resources are an indispensable part of the marine resources. It is related to the stability of the world order, the fate of a country, the continuity of the human generation and the continuous reproduction. The charm of the marine biological resources lies in its broad sense to the whole earth in broad sense. The importance of development in the narrow sense is that it can provide energy for every part of the world, to create wealth, to strengthen its strength and to develop it. Therefore, it has gained a great deal of love and made the international body win. Since fifteenth Century, many coastal countries in Europe have begun to develop marine biological resources. After World War II, the rapid development of science and technology created convenient conditions for marine great powers to plunder marine biological resources, provided technical support and stimulated their desire for exploitation. Ignoring the fact that marine biological resources also need to be protected, the marine environment is destroyed, the marine biological resources are allowed to be invaded, and the threat of marine biological resources is paid more, and the threat of marine biological resources is more serious. In the near future, because of the depletion of some land resources, people pay more attention to the use of marine biological resources. Far more than the extent of protection, the extent of marine biological resources is deteriorating. Due to the deterioration of the marine environment and the reduction of marine biological resources, marine biological resources are incapable of meeting human needs, coupled with the influence of international recognized promotion and other factors, and the marine biological resources are guaranteed. In this context, the study of the protection of marine biological resources from the perspective of international law is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of biological resources in the whole marine ecosystem. The framework of this paper is made up of introduction, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into four parts. The first part is the international law of marine biological resources. The connotation of the protection of the international law of marine biological resources is defined, the necessity of the protection of the international law of marine biological resources and the basic principles that should be adhered to, thus laying a good foundation for the continuing study of the article. The second part is a brief analysis of the current legal system for the protection of the international law of marine biological resources, The legal system of biological resources protection for internal water, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, high seas, continental shelf and international seabed area is introduced and analyzed. The third part analyses the existing defects in the current protection of the international law of marine biological resources. From the legislative, the two main legal basis for the protection of the international law of marine biological resources, namely, the United Nations sea Analysis of the limitations of the Foreign Law Convention and the Bio: the Convention on the biologic convention; from law enforcement and judicial, the shortcomings of the dispute settlement mechanism for the protection of marine biological resources, the problems existing in the implementation of the international law on the protection of marine biological resources, the international nature and the loopholes in the supervision and management of regional organizations are also studied. Meanwhile, the international environmental law is produced. In the fourth part, the third part proposes to improve the protection of the international law of marine biological resources. In the legislative, we should promote the relevant legal ideas from the macro level and improve the specific system in the microcosmic. In the implementation mechanism of the law, one is to improve the dispute settlement mechanism, and two is to improve the mechanism of the dispute settlement. In order to promote the improvement of the implementation mechanism, three is to strengthen the supervision and management of the related mechanisms. At the same time, it puts forward a new construction model for the compliance mechanism. In addition, it analyses the perfect measures that China should take on the basis of absorbing international experience.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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