专属经济区中的剩余权利问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 01:46

本文选题：专属经济区 + 剩余权利　；参考：《中南民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《联合国海洋法公约》是一部海洋大宪章，，规范人类在海洋中的活动，建立新的海洋秩序。作为第三次联合国海洋法会议的重要成果，其中专属经济区制度是公约新创设的重要制度之一。海洋法中的剩余权利是指在《联合国海洋法公约》中没有明文规定或规定模糊的权利。该公约中存在大量剩余权利，作为一揽子公约，这是各国相互博弈的结果，特别体现在专属经济区中。因为这一制度的建立是发展中国家同发达国家经过斗争争取而来，该制度实现海洋资源在海洋国和沿海国之间的合理分配。但发展中国家期望通过设立专属经济区来获得更多海洋利益的初衷在面对发达国家强大海洋实力时未能实现。这就导致许多权利不可能清晰的界定甚至无法涉及，剩余权利也因此产生。公约对专属经济区制度做出规定，沿海国和其他国家各有其权利和义务。但由于公约对这些权利没有细化，易使各国因为对条文理解不同而引发争议。本文旨在从共同合理利用海洋资源的角度出发，在公约的制度框架内，探讨专属经济区中存在的剩余权利问题以及由此引发的争议，从而为解决在实践中引发的冲突提出建议。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分介绍海洋法中剩余权利的概念，明确海洋法中的剩余权利是指《联合国海洋法公约》中的剩余权利，通过介绍公约中规定的基本制度来引出其中的剩余权利。第二部分介绍专属经济区中剩余权利的具体表现。首先对专属经济区制度进行阐述，然后指出专属经济区中的剩余权利主要包括专属经济区内与军事利用有关的剩余权利、与海洋生物资源相关的剩余权利和与海洋环境保护相关的剩余权利。第三部分是在公约已做出相关规定的基础上对专属经济区中剩余权利的利用在实践中所产生的争议进行分析。第四部分是提出解决实践中争议之原则和方法。其中原则包括坚持军事利用事先同意原则；充分尊重各国主权原则；坚持国际合作原则等。解决方法涉及实行防空识别区制度、有限通过制度、加强国际合作等内容。海洋是全人类的共同资源，需要世界各国的尊重、珍惜和合理利用。为减少各国在实践中的摩擦，构建和谐的国际关系，有效利用海洋资源，应当用积极的态度面对剩余权利问题，同时也应积极的寻求解决争议之道，只有如此才是对待和利用海洋资源的最佳方式。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is a marine Magna Carta that regulates human activities in the oceans and establishes a new marine order. As an important achievement of the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, the system of exclusive economic zone is one of the important systems newly created by the Convention. The residual rights in the law of the sea refer to the rights which are not expressly stipulated or specified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. There are a large number of residual rights in the convention, which is the result of the game between countries, especially in the exclusive economic zone. Because the establishment of this system is a result of the struggle between the developing countries and the developed countries, the system realizes the rational distribution of marine resources between the maritime and coastal States. But the original intention of developing countries to create exclusive economic zones to gain more marine benefits has failed to materialize in the face of the strong marine power of developed countries. As a result, many rights can not be clearly defined or even cannot be involved, and the remaining rights arise. The Convention provides for the exclusive economic zone system, coastal States and other countries have their own rights and obligations. However, because the Covenant does not detail these rights, it is easy for countries to dispute because of their different understandings of the articles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the residual rights in the exclusive economic zone and the disputes arising therefrom from the point of view of common and reasonable utilization of marine resources, within the framework of the convention system, so as to put forward some suggestions for resolving the conflicts caused in practice. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the concept of residual rights in the law of the sea. It is clear that the residual rights in the law of the sea refer to the residual rights in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The second part introduces the specific performance of the residual rights in the exclusive economic zone. First of all, the system of exclusive economic zone is elaborated, and then it is pointed out that the residual rights in exclusive economic zone mainly include the residual rights in exclusive economic zone related to military utilization, Residual rights relating to marine living resources and residual rights relating to the protection of the marine environment. The third part analyzes the disputes arising from the use of residual rights in the exclusive economic zone on the basis of the relevant provisions of the convention. The fourth part is to put forward the principles and methods of resolving disputes in practice. The principles include upholding the principle of prior consent for military use, fully respecting the principle of sovereignty of all countries, and adhering to the principle of international cooperation. The solution involves the implementation of the air defense identification zone system, the limited adoption of the system and the strengthening of international cooperation. The ocean is the common resource of all mankind. It needs the respect, treasure and rational utilization of all countries in the world. In order to reduce the frictions in practice, build harmonious international relations and make effective use of marine resources, we should face the issue of residual rights with a positive attitude and actively seek solutions to disputes. Only in this way is the best way to treat and utilize marine resources.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5

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