生物遗传资源保护与利用机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:26

本文选题：生物遗传资源 + 财产权　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物遗传资源的利用因为其日益严重的外部性,成为了众多国家通过国内财产权制度进行规制的对象。1993年生效的《生物多样性公约》及其后续的《名古屋议定书》在国际层面为生物遗传资源的保护设立了框架。但是,由于生物遗传资源自身所具有的属性及利用方式上的特点、生物科技的飞速发展对生物遗传资源需求和使用方式的巨大影响、企业战略及运营模式的改变,对CBD机制国际和国内实施提出了新的挑战。中国是生物遗传资源大国,也是世界贸易体系中的重要一员。同时,中国又是生物多样性丧失严重的国家之一。因而,中国对于CBD机制面临挑战的应对之策,不仅事关我国长远的发展,也是CBD机制在全球范围内有效实施的重要体现。我国已将制定“遗传资源管理条例”作为今后生物多样性保护的优先重点工作之一。但是对于生物遗传资源这一新型的资源类型,如何在立法中清晰自然资源产权、明确相关资源获取与利用的流程、创新现有制度以及与相关的现有制度相融合、借鉴相关的遵约机制,以较低的立法成本与《议定书》接轨,保护本国的生物多样性利益仍是面临的重大挑战。论文将讨论CBD机制的运行机制、面临的挑战,财产权理论,和与中国相关制度的比较,国内外实施经验等几个方面进行阐释。
[Abstract]:The use of biological genetic resources is due to its increasing externalities, The Convention on Biological Diversity, which came into force in 1993, and its successor Nagoya Protocol have established a framework for the protection of biological genetic resources at the international level. However, the rapid development of biotechnology has a great impact on the demand and use of biological genetic resources, and the change of enterprise strategy and operation mode. Put forward new challenge to international and domestic implementation of CBD mechanism. China is a large country of biological genetic resources and an important member of the world trade system. At the same time, China is one of the countries with serious biodiversity loss. Therefore, China's response to the challenge of CBD mechanism is not only related to the long-term development of our country, but also an important embodiment of the effective implementation of CBD mechanism in the global scope. China has made the regulations of genetic Resources Management one of the priorities of biodiversity conservation in the future. However, for this new type of resources, how to clarify the property rights of natural resources in legislation, clear the process of access and utilization of related resources, innovate the existing system and merge with the existing system. It is still a major challenge to use the relevant compliance mechanism for reference to meet the requirements of the Protocol at a lower legislative cost and to protect the interests of biodiversity in China. This paper will discuss the operation mechanism of CBD mechanism, the challenges faced, the theory of property rights, the comparison with relevant systems in China, and the implementation experience at home and abroad.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9

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