国际法上的死刑废除与我国死刑改革

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:28

本文选题：生命权 + 国际人权法　；参考：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类文明的发展与进步,重视人权保护,尤其是珍视生命权日益成为联合国国际公约和国际社会致力追求的目标。而死刑这一我们司空见惯的古老刑种却由于其对生命权的剥夺、与人权保护的对立相向而饱受争议与质疑。国际人权法以特有的形式展示了对死刑由限制到废除的态度演变：1948年《世界人权宣言》对生命权的强调,为限制和废除死刑奠定了法理基础；1966年《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第6条,首次在国际公约中明确限制死刑的适用；随后的《美洲人权公约》以及联合国《关于保护面临死刑者权利的保障措施》对死刑作了进一步限制；20世纪80年代先后问世的三个旨在废除死刑的议定书,在一定程度上将废除死刑上升为国际法规范的内容。本文正是以国际社会对死刑的态度演变为线索,以国际人权法对死刑废除的相关法规为研究对象,结合我国死刑的实际状况,提出我国废除死刑的具体设想。本文共分为四个主要部分：第一部分,简要介绍了死刑和人权的特点与发展过程,明确二者之间的对立与冲突,全面分析死刑存废之争的各方立场与主张依据,了解国际人权法对死刑态度的变化。第二部分,细数联合国在废除死刑问题上的举措与努力,将联合国相关人权公约作为研究对象,通过公约的起草背景、讨论过程、最终决议,结合相关的条文评注,系统性地对与死刑相关的重要条款进行解读,并在此基础上评价其意义与影响。第三部分,将区域性国际组织涉及死刑问题的规定进行系统整理,分别对欧洲人权法、美洲人权法和大赦国际等非政府国际组织针对死刑废除设立的法规进行介绍,突出这些法规在某些方面较联合国文件的先进之处,评析其体现的进步意义。第四部分,将视野聚焦于我国死刑制度,简要介绍和评价了我国学者对死刑存废的不同观点,以国际人权法为参照,剖析我国死刑制度存在的不足,立足我国立法与司法实践,结合我国国情,为我国废除死刑提出具体建议。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of human civilization, attaching importance to the protection of human rights, especially cherishing the right to life, has increasingly become the goal pursued by the United Nations international conventions and the international community. However, the death penalty, a common ancient punishment, is controversial and questioned because of its deprivation of the right to life and its opposition to the protection of human rights. International human rights law shows the change of attitude towards death penalty from restriction to abolition in its unique form: the emphasis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the right to life in 1948 lays a legal foundation for the restriction and abolition of the death penalty; (a) Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights of 1966, which for the first time explicitly restricts the application of the death penalty in international conventions; The subsequent American Convention on Human Rights and the United Nations safeguards for the Protection of the Rights of Persons facing the death penalty imposed further restrictions on the death penalty. To some extent, the abolition of the death penalty will be raised to the content of the norms of international law. This article takes the international community's attitude towards the death penalty as the clue, takes the international human rights law to abolish the death penalty related laws as the research object, unifies our country's death penalty actual condition, proposed our country abolishes the death penalty concrete idea. This paper is divided into four main parts: the first part briefly introduces the characteristics and development process of death penalty and human rights, clarifies the opposition and conflict between them, and analyzes the positions and grounds of all sides in the debate on the existence and abolition of death penalty. To understand the changes in the attitude of international human rights law to the death penalty. The second part gives a detailed account of the initiatives and efforts of the United Nations on the issue of abolition of the death penalty, taking the relevant United Nations human rights conventions as the object of study, adopting the drafting background of the conventions, the discussion process, the final resolution, and the commentary on the relevant articles. This paper systematically interprets the important articles related to the death penalty, and evaluates its significance and influence on this basis. The third part is to systematize the provisions of regional international organizations dealing with the question of the death penalty, introducing respectively the European human rights law, the American human rights law and the statutes established by non-governmental international organizations such as Amnesty International in relation to the abolition of the death penalty. In some respects, these regulations are more advanced than United Nations documents, and their progressive significance is evaluated. In the fourth part, focusing on the death penalty system of our country, the author briefly introduces and evaluates the different viewpoints of Chinese scholars on the death penalty, taking the international human rights law as the reference, analyzes the shortcomings of the death penalty system in our country, and bases itself on the legislation and judicial practice of our country. Combined with the situation of our country, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions for abolishing the death penalty in our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.1;D997.9

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