“卡尔沃主义”再生背景下我国运用MIGA机制之法律对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 08:02

本文选题：卡尔沃主义 + 海外投资保险　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪末,卡尔沃主义被认为“死亡”,但是在国际投资争端此起彼伏各东道国疲于应付的背景下,卡尔沃主义反而逐步回归,走向新生。这一趋势已经不同程度的出现在各大洲,不仅包括了发展中国家也包括发达国家。卡尔沃主义的“再生”与最初已经不同,它针对的是国际投资仲裁对东道国主权和政策空间的侵犯,是在新自由主义受到质疑的背景下对维护国家规制权的表达。在卡尔沃主义不同程度复活的情况下,我国应反思自己的国际投资法律政策,因为我国同样面临着一个正当性受到质疑的国际仲裁机制,我国也存在保留规制权的现实要求,同时,我国的海外投资又需要我国政府通过国际投资协定加以保护。我国的对外投资已经进入了发展的快车道,但是与我国企业对外直接投资迅速增长以及严峻的国际投资环境不相匹配的是我国的海外投资保险制度。我国通过《关于建立境外投资重点项目风险保障机制有关问题的通知(2005)》和《关于进一步加大对境外重点项目金融保险支持力度有关问题的通知(2006)》、中国出口信用保险公司及其《投保指南》,建立了目前境外投资保险制度的框架。但是这些规定过于笼统,可操作性不强,存在很多问题。在国际国内双重背景下,我国海外投资保险制度的发展就不可避免的需要借鉴多边投资担保机构的经验。多边投资担保机构已经在海外投资促进与保险领域获得国际社会广泛认可并取得显著成就。我国虽然是MIGA的会员国,但是通过中国出口信用保险公司与MIGA签订的合作备忘录只是停留在一种合作意向上,很难付诸实践。为了完善我国的海外投资保险制度、积累海外投资保险相关经验、促进我国的海外投资,为了增加我国海外投资保险的容量、缓和我国海外投资保险的迫切需求,我国就必须积极的运用多边投资担保机构。就我国而言,长远来看首要的任务就是借助这一平台积累海外投资保险的经验以图完善我国的海外投资保险法律制度。也就是通过对MIGA承保的政治风险险种等的具体内容和对MIGA关于合格投资的系统明确的规定等方面的借鉴与扬弃,在商务部《境外投资管理办法》的基础上制定一部《境外直接投资法》,并在《境外直接投资法》中设一章内容,对海外投资保险制度的一般内容进行规定。内容大致包括保险人、被保险人、保险范围、保险期限、保险金等实体内容,以及申请条件、赔偿程序、备案报告以及注意义务等程序内容,然后再配合出台相关的条例规范实施细则,以进一步完善我国的海外投资保险制度。其次,针对我国目前海外投资保险容量不足与对海外投资保险迫切需求的现状,现阶段中国出口信用保险公司应当积极参与MIGA的相关保险计划,构建与MIGA的对接合作通道,鼓励国内企业积极投保。具体而言主要包括以下三个方面:第一,参与MIGA主导的合作担保计划与临时分保计划;第二,加强对MIGA宣传的同时培养相关的专业人才;第三,建立与MIGA的信息共享机制。
[Abstract]:At the end of the twentieth Century, the cull doctrine was thought to be "dead", but in the context of the international investment dispute that the host countries were exhausted, the cull doctrine was gradually returning to a new life. This trend has emerged in varying degrees on all continents, not only the developing countries but also the developed countries. "Regeneration" is different from the original. It is aimed at the violation of the sovereignty and policy space of the host country by international investment arbitration. It is the expression of the protection of state regulation under the challenge of the new liberalism. In the case of the resurrection of the different extent of the culvo doctrine, our country should reflect on its own international investment legal policy, because of our country. It is also faced with an international arbitration mechanism that has been questioned due to its legitimacy. Our country also has the actual requirements to reserve the right of regulation. At the same time, our country's overseas investment needs our government to protect it through international investment agreements. Our foreign investment has entered the fast development road, but the foreign direct investment of our enterprises is increasing rapidly. China's overseas investment insurance system is not matched by a long and severe international investment environment. China has passed the notice on establishing the risk security mechanism of key overseas investment projects (2005) > and < about further enlarging the related issues of financial insurance support for key projects overseas (2006) > China export letter. With the insurance company and its < Insurance Guide >, the framework of the current overseas investment insurance system has been established. However, the regulations are too general, the operability is not strong, and there are many problems. Under the dual background of international and domestic, the development of the overseas investment insurance system in China is unavoidable to draw on the experience of the multilateral investment guarantee institutions. It has been widely recognized by the international community in the field of overseas investment promotion and insurance and has achieved remarkable achievements. Although China is a member of MIGA, the memorandum of cooperation signed by the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp and MIGA is only a kind of cooperation intention, which is difficult to put into practice. Investment insurance system, accumulation of overseas investment insurance related experience, promote our country's overseas investment, in order to increase the capacity of China's overseas investment insurance and alleviate the urgent needs of China's overseas investment insurance, our country must actively use the multilateral investment guarantee institutions. In our country, the first task is to use this platform. To accumulate the experience of overseas investment insurance in order to perfect our country's overseas investment insurance legal system, that is, through the concrete content of the political risk insurance of the MIGA insurance and the reference and discarding of MIGA's clear regulations on the system of qualified investment, a "border" is formulated on the basis of the Ministry of Commerce "foreign investment management method". The law of foreign direct investment and the contents of a chapter in the foreign direct investment law stipulate the general content of the insurance system for overseas investment. The contents include the insurer, the insured, the insurance scope, the period of insurance, the insurance, and other substantive contents, as well as the application conditions, the compensation procedure, the record report and the duty of care. In order to further improve our country's overseas investment insurance system, the relevant regulations should be introduced to further improve the overseas investment insurance system in China. Secondly, in view of the current situation that the overseas investment insurance capacity is insufficient and the overseas investment insurance is urgently needed in China, the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp should actively participate in the related insurance plan of MIGA at present, and build up and MIGA The joint cooperation channel encourages the active insurance of domestic enterprises. In particular, it mainly includes the following three aspects: first, participating in the MIGA led cooperative guarantee program and the interim reinsurance plan; second, strengthening the publicity of the MIGA and training relevant professionals; third, establishing the information sharing mechanism with the MIGA.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.4

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