论食物权实现的国家义务

发布时间：2018-06-17 04:51

本文选题：食物权 + 国家义务　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：食物权是一项非常重要的人权,因为食物是人类生存与发展的前提,食物权与每个人息息相关。但是食物权却是当代人权理论中起步较晚的权利,在第二次世界大战后才首次作为一项权利被提出。人权是人作为人即应当享有的权利,作为一项权利与其相对应的义务主体是国家。食物权作为一项基本人权,负责其实现的义务主体也应当是国家,本文就国家对于食物权的实现国家应当承担哪些义务、怎样承担义务进行了论述。本文一共有五个章节。第一章介绍了食物权的概念与历史沿革,介绍了食物权的概念是怎样提出的,以及经历了哪些发展,并对食物权概念发展的原因和发展的趋势进行了总结。第二章中,笔者认为食物权实现的义务主体应当是国家,并对国家承担食物权义务的正当性进行了分析。笔者先解释了为什么在现代人权理论中人权的义务主体是国家,接着又分析了食物权的人权属性,最后又从福利国家的思想、社会结构对食物权的影响以及食物权具有客观价值秩序属性的角度对食物权应当由国家承担义务进行了论证。并在这一部分的最后对国家应当承担义务的质疑进行了反驳。第三章就国家承担食物权义务的具体类型与方式进行了讨论,根据相关的国际条约可以得知国家对于食物权的保护义务分为尊重、保护和履行三个方面,应当保障食物的可获得性、充足性、安全性以及文化上的可接受性。国家承担食物权义务的主要方式有形成公共政策的方式,这一方式主要是指通过法律或行政措施对公民的食物权进行保护;具体给付的方式主要包括物质给付和金钱给付,是针对社会上的弱势群体或者失去劳动能力的人进行帮助,还包括在自然灾害等特殊时期,国家对于受灾群众进行直接给付以保障其食物权的实现;宪法诉讼的方式,这一方式针对的是在食物权受到侵害时,国家通过对食物权进行救济来承担义务的方式。文章的第四章对我国政府承担食物权义务的发展历程以及现状进行了总结和梳理,并总结了我国现阶段存在哪些不足。文章的第五部分对这些不足提出了具体的改进的意见。总得来说,笔者认为食物权实现应当由国家来承担义务,承担的义务内容是尊重保护和履行食物权,实现义务的方式主要有具体给付、制定公共政策和宪法诉讼等。中国在履行食物权国家义务的过程中取得了巨大的成就,但还存在许多方面需要改进。
[Abstract]:The right to food is a very important human right, because food is the premise of human survival and development, and the right to food is closely related to everyone. However, the right to food is a late right in contemporary human rights theory, which was first proposed as a right after the second World War. Human rights is the right that human beings should enjoy as human beings, and as a corresponding subject of obligation, it is the state. The right to food, as a basic human right, should also be the subject of the state's obligation to realize it. This paper discusses what obligations the country should undertake and how to undertake the obligation to realize the right to food. There are five chapters in this paper. The first chapter introduces the concept and historical evolution of the right to food, how to put forward the concept of the right to food, and what has gone through the development, and summarizes the reasons and trends of the development of the concept of the right to food. In the second chapter, the author thinks that the main body of the obligation to realize the right to food should be the state, and analyzes the legitimacy of the obligation of the state to undertake the right to food. The author first explains why the subject of human rights obligation in modern human rights theory is the state, then analyzes the human rights attribute of the right to food, and finally, from the perspective of the welfare state, The influence of social structure on the right to food and the objective value order attribute of the right to food are discussed. At the end of this part, the author refutes the doubt that the state should bear the obligation. The third chapter discusses the specific types and methods of the right to food obligations of the State. According to the relevant international treaties, it can be known that the obligation to protect the right to food can be divided into three aspects: respecting, protecting and fulfilling. Food availability, adequacy, safety and cultural acceptability should be guaranteed. The main way for the state to assume the obligation of the right to food is to form a public policy, which mainly refers to the protection of the right to food of citizens through laws or administrative measures. It is aimed at the vulnerable groups in society or those who are unable to work. It also includes that in special periods such as natural disasters, the state pays directly to the affected people in order to guarantee the realization of their right to food; the way of constitutional litigation, This approach is aimed at the way in which the State undertakes its obligations through relief to the right to food when the right to food is violated. The fourth chapter summarizes and combs the development course and present situation of our government's obligation to bear the right to food, and summarizes the shortcomings of our country at the present stage. The fifth part of the article puts forward some concrete suggestions to improve these deficiencies. In general, the author believes that the realization of the right to food should be undertaken by the state, the content of which is to respect the protection and implementation of the right to food, the main ways to realize the obligation are to pay specifically, to formulate public policies and constitutional litigation, and so on. China has made great achievements in fulfilling its national obligations on the right to food, but there are still many aspects to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D998.2

【相似文献】