论无单放货承运人责任问题

发布时间：2018-06-17 05:48

本文选题：无单放货 + 鹿特丹规则　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：提单是海上货物运输中非常重要的单证,它是承运人签发给托运人的表明其已经收取货物的凭证,它是承运人与托运人之间运输合同的证明,也是证明承托双方权利和义务的主要依据同时它还是货物所有权的凭证。按照国际航运惯例,承运人一般有义务在约定的卸货港凭正本提单交付货物。凭正本提单提货是国际海运的基本原则。承运人无单放货需要承担法律责任这是毋庸置疑的,但对于承运人到底应承担什么样的法律责任,又应当如何承担,在什么情况下承运人无单放货可以免责等问题,有关公约尚未统一,各国实践也不尽相同。承运人的责任牵涉到对无单放货行为的法律定性问题。而对无单放货行为法律性质的不同定性往往会导致法律适用、审判程序和判决结果的差异。这就使其成为提单纠纷中最为突出的问题。本文通过对无单放货概念,产生原因、现状及法律后果等历史性归纳总结性分析阐述分析无单放货中承运人责任问题的法律属性及免责事由和救济途径,最后结合《鹿特丹规则》和《无单放货规则》等最新法律规定,通过对比给出我国对于无单放货承运人法律责任国内外冲突制度如何协调选择的点点建议。本文除引言和结语外正文共由三部分构成。第一部分概述无单放货的概念,产生原因、现状及法律后果、承运人责任问题的法律属性、免责事由和救济途径。第二部分介绍国内外主要是《鹿特丹规则》和《无单放货规则》关于无单放货责任承运人责任的最新发展。第三部分对比国内外主要是《鹿特丹规则》和《无单放货规则》关于无单放货规定承运人责任的不同点并就这些不同点加以比较分析,最后就《鹿特丹规则》与我国法律强制性规定相冲突的部分我国应如何协调选择做出简单阐述。
[Abstract]:Bill of lading is a very important document in the carriage of goods by sea. It is a document issued by the carrier to the shipper indicating that it has received the goods. It is a proof of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. It is also the main basis for certifying the rights and obligations of both parties and it is also the evidence of ownership of the goods. Under international shipping practice, the carrier is generally obliged to deliver the goods at the agreed port of discharge with the original bill of lading. It is the basic principle of international shipping to pick up goods by original bill of lading. There is no doubt that the carrier should bear legal liability for the delivery of goods without a bill of lading. However, there are questions such as what kind of legal liability should be borne by the carrier, and how, and under what circumstances, the carrier can be exempted from liability for the delivery of goods without a bill of lading. Relevant conventions have not yet been unified, and practice varies from country to country. The carrier's responsibility involves the legal characterization of undocumented delivery. However, the difference of legal nature of undocumented delivery will lead to the difference of law application, trial procedure and judgment result. This makes it the most prominent issue in the bill of lading dispute. Through the historical summation analysis of the concept, causes, present situation and legal consequences of the delivery of goods without bill of lading, this paper expounds and analyzes the legal attributes, the reasons of exemption and the ways of relief of the carrier's liability in the delivery of goods without bill of lading. Finally, combined with the latest laws and regulations, such as Rotterdam rule and undocumented delivery rule, this paper gives some suggestions on how to coordinate the selection of domestic and foreign conflict systems for the legal liability of non-bill delivery carriers in our country through comparison. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text consists of three parts. The first part summarizes the concept, causes, current situation and legal consequences, legal attributes of the carrier's liability, the reasons of exemption and the way of relief. The second part introduces the latest development of carrier's liability for delivery of goods without bill of lading, mainly in the Rotterdam Rule and the Rule of delivery without Bill of lading. The third part compares the differences between the Rotterdam rules and the undocumented delivery rules about the carrier's liability, and makes a comparative analysis of these differences. In the end, the author gives a brief explanation on how to coordinate the choice between Rotterdam rules and the compulsory provisions of Chinese law.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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