WTO框架下中美人民币汇率争端的法律分析

发布时间：2018-06-18 19:25

本文选题：人民币汇率 + 汇率操纵　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：2001年以来,人民币汇率问题成为国际社会上不断争议的话题,美国更是不断对人民币施压,美国国会不断提出关于人民币汇率的法案,指责人民币汇率存在操纵或严重偏差,构成了出口补贴和倾销,违背了IMF和WTO相关规则。在国内美国试图通过立法的形式逼迫人民币升值,在国际上,美国则将汇率争端提交给IMF或WTO解决。所以在这种情况下,对汇率问题进行法律层面的分析是非常重要的。本文对美国的指控和行动进行了法律层面的评析,找出了美国将人民币问题诉至WTO的法律依据,从GATT第15条、IMF与WTO的关系以及WTO一般管辖权等方面分析得出WTO在汇率问题具有一定的管辖权。经过对《反补贴协定》和《反倾销协定》的分析,我们认为人民币汇率并不构成美国所指控的出口补贴和倾销,通过进一步分析也反驳了美国对来自中国所有的产品征收反倾销税的做法。美国对人民币汇率所采取的一系列举动的真实目的就是通过逼迫人民币升值为其国内的制造业不景气、失业等经济问题寻找替罪羊,压制中国的崛起。虽然2014年以来人民币汇率出现了几次一定幅度的下跌,但我们不能放松警惕,人民币汇率依然面临着各种挑战,所以在认清美国的真正意图之后,就要主动反击,采取相应的措施来维护我们的合法权益。这也是本文的意图所在,为人民币汇率问题提供法律上的抗辩依据,为我国汇率制度的改革提出建议。
[Abstract]:Since 2001, the issue of RMB exchange rate has become a subject of constant controversy in the international community, and the United States has been exerting constant pressure on the RMB. The US Congress has repeatedly proposed a bill on the RMB exchange rate, accusing the RMB exchange rate of being manipulated or seriously deviated. It constitutes export subsidies and dumping, in violation of IMF and WTO rules. At home the United States tries to force the yuan to appreciate by way of legislation, while internationally, the United States refers the exchange rate dispute to the IMF or the WTO for settlement. So in this case, it is very important to analyze the legal level of exchange rate. This paper analyzes the charges and actions of the United States, and finds out the legal basis for the United States to bring the issue of RMB to the WTO. From the analysis of the relationship between IMF and WTO and the general jurisdiction of WTO, it is concluded that WTO has certain jurisdiction over exchange rate. Through the analysis of the "countervailing Agreement" and the "Anti-dumping Agreement", we believe that the RMB exchange rate does not constitute the export subsidies and dumping alleged by the United States. Further analysis also refutes US anti-dumping duties on all products from China. The real purpose of a series of moves by the United States to revalue the yuan is to find scapegoats for economic problems such as sluggish manufacturing and unemployment in the country and to suppress China's rise by forcing the yuan to appreciate. Although there have been several falls in the RMB exchange rate since 2014, we cannot relax our vigilance. The RMB exchange rate still faces various challenges. So, after recognizing the real intentions of the United States, we should take the initiative to counter back. Take appropriate measures to protect our legitimate rights and interests. This is also the intention of this paper, to provide the legal defense for the RMB exchange rate, and to put forward some suggestions for the reform of the exchange rate system in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.2

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