反倾销与反补贴合并调查法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 20:16

本文选题：反倾销 + 反补贴　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：反倾销与反补贴合并调查是指对某国出口的同一种商品同时进行反倾销和反补贴措施。包括两种主要形式,一种是针对同一种商品分别进行反倾销立案和与反补贴立案,继而合并调查,最后同时做出征税等措施,另一种是针对同一种商品先后进行地对反倾销立案调查和反补贴立案调查,但是调查期间和具体措施的实施期间重合。适用“双反”措施时,反补贴与反倾销同时进行,加大了协调工作量,提高了胜诉难度,对出口企业打击力度加大。由于美国在世界贸易中占据着举足轻重的地位,美国的一举一动都将对其他国家产生不可估量的示范作用。同时,受限于美国贸易保护的中国企业不得不将商品销往其他国家,继而使得其他国家纷纷效仿美国采取反倾销与反补贴合并调查措施,这对于我国的对外贸易的损失显而易见,因此,针对“双反”的研究具有重要意义。关于反倾销与反补贴合并调查的合法性,学术界一直颇具争议,中美双方更是各执一词,作为判例法国家,乔治城钢铁案的判决为美国的国际贸易法律定下了一个惯例,即对非市场经济国家不得适用反补贴措施。自1986年后的20年间,美国一直奉行这一惯例,直到2006年“中美铜版纸案”,情况才有了新的变化。笔者认为,“乔治城钢铁案”确立的“不对非市场经济国家使用反补贴措施”这一原则对当代中国依然使用,美国商务部不顾国内法律和判例的约束,对中国适用反倾销与反补贴合并调查措施显然是违法的。而美国认为中国《入世议定书》并不禁止反补贴和反倾销措施合并调查。笔者认为《入世议定书》第15条的目的在于规定与反补贴以及反倾销的外部基准相关的法律问题,而并非针对“双反”措施。而且,《入世议定书》的起草者旨在通过这一立法来达到禁止反补贴措施和反倾销措施的合并进行的目的。另外,《GATT1994》第6条第5款、《反倾销协定》第3条第5款和《补贴与反补贴措施协议》第15条第5款等条款虽然没有明确提及重复计算,但其适用的后果就是禁止重复计算。除此之外,《补贴和反补贴措施协议》与《反倾销协定》都从归因角度要求在进行反补贴与反倾销合并调查的过程中应该区分补贴与倾销带来的损害和其他原因带来的损害。我国应对反倾销与反补贴合并调查措施,必须完善国内相关经济立法,加强我国国际贸易人才的培养,从美国国内法律中寻求救济,充分WTO争端解决机构的抗辩机制,以维护我国的合法权益。
[Abstract]:The combined investigation of anti-dumping and countervailing means that anti-dumping and countervailing measures are carried out on the same commodity exported by a country at the same time. There are two main forms. One is to file anti-dumping and countervailing cases against the same commodity separately, and then merge the investigation, and finally make a tax collection at the same time. The other is the anti-dumping investigation and countervailing investigation against the same commodity, but the period of investigation coincides with the implementation of specific measures. When "double countervailing" measures are applied, countervailing and antidumping are carried out simultaneously, which increases the workload of coordination, makes it more difficult to win a lawsuit, and increases the crackdown on export enterprises. As the United States plays an important role in world trade, every move of the United States will have an incalculable exemplary effect on other countries. At the same time, Chinese companies restricted by US trade protection have had to sell their goods to other countries, which has led other countries to follow the example of the United States in adopting combined anti-dumping and countervailing investigation measures. This is obvious to our country's foreign trade loss, therefore, it is of great significance to study "double-counter". On the legality of the merger of anti-dumping and countervailing investigations, the academic community has always been controversial, and China and the United States are even more adamant. As a case law country, the Georgetown Iron and Steel case has set a common practice for the international trade law of the United States. Namely, non-market economy countries may not apply anti-subsidy measures. For 20 years since 1986, the United States has followed this practice until 2006, when the situation changed. The author believes that the principle of "not using countervailing measures against non-market economy countries" established in Georgetown Iron and Steel case is still used in contemporary China, and the US Department of Commerce disregards the constraints of domestic laws and precedents. It is obviously illegal to apply anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigation measures to China. The United States believes that China's accession to the WTO Protocol does not prohibit anti-subsidy and anti-dumping measures combined investigation. The author thinks that the purpose of Article 15 of the Protocol of entry into WTO is to stipulate the legal issues related to countervailing and the external benchmarks of anti-dumping, not to deal with "double countervailing" measures. Moreover, the drafters of the Protocol of accession to WTO aim to prohibit the combination of countervailing measures and anti-dumping measures through this legislation. In addition, Article 6.5 of GATT1994, paragraph 5 of Article 3 of the Agreement on Anti-dumping and paragraph 5 of Article 15 of the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures do not explicitly refer to double counting, but the effect of its application is the prohibition of double counting. In addition, both the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures and the Agreement on Anti-dumping require that in the process of conducting a combined investigation of countervailing and anti-dumping, the injury caused by subsidy and dumping should be distinguished from that caused by other reasons. In response to the investigation measures of the combination of anti-dumping and countervailing, China must perfect the relevant domestic economic legislation, strengthen the cultivation of talents in international trade, seek relief from the domestic laws of the United States, and make full use of the defense mechanism of the WTO dispute settlement body. In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.295;D996.1

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