论跨国代孕合同的法律适用

发布时间：2018-06-19 05:44

本文选题：跨国代孕合同 + 法律适用　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当代全球化的背景下,人员跨境流动日益方便和频繁,具有跨国因素的代孕合同中法律冲突的现象是不容回避的,这就使得国际私法中必定会涉及跨国代孕合同的法律适用问题。本文以比较法的视野就此问题进行研究并分为具有内在逻辑联系的四个部分:第一部分对跨国代孕合同进行界定并阐述了跨国代孕合同法律适用冲突的具体表现方面。对于代孕的解释一般均围绕委托父母与代理孕母进行,其中委托父母与代理孕母签订的合同即是代孕合同,即委托父母与代理孕母以合同的方式约定由代理孕母通过人工辅助生殖技术怀孕生子并放弃所生子女的亲权,将所生子女交付给委托父母。对于一国而言,如果在一个代孕合同中代理孕母居住地、意向父母居住地或代孕实施地中至少有一个涉及其他国家,即为跨国代孕合同。由于各国相关立法的差异性,跨国代孕合同的法律冲突问题最为集中和经常的发生在当事人的缔约能力和合同的效力这两个方面。第二部分论证了跨国代孕合同的法律适用方法。在合同法律适用问题解决的方法论上,存在着将合同作为一个整体对待还是区分不同的合同和合同的不同方面分别对待的整体论和分割论的争论,也存在着是主要考量主观因素还是客观因素的主观论和客观论的交锋。代孕合同的特殊性和复杂性使其显著区别于其他合同,也由于该合同涉及当事人的缔约能力、实质有效性等不同方面的问题,因此,在考虑其法律适用方法的时候,分割方法更加合理和科学;而将当事人的意思自治决定法律适用的主观方法和通过对与合同有关的客观因素进行最密切联系分析来决定法律适用的客观方法相结合也最为妥当。第三部分讨论了跨国代孕合同法律适用原则。由于跨国代孕合同在具有合同一般特征的同时又有很强烈的人身属性,故在法律适用原则的选择上,合同领域最为普遍采用的当事人意思自治原则、最密切联系原则,以及人身关系方面普遍采用的属人法原则,都是应该被考虑到的。具体而言,应以分割方法为基础,对于代孕合同当事人的缔约能力、代孕合同的形式要件,应采用属人法的原则来确定准据法,而除当事人缔约能力以外的代孕合同的实质要件,则采用当事人意思自治原则和最密切联系原则相结合来确定准据法。第四部分对我国跨国代孕合同法律适用的立法提出了具体的建议。我国在现行合同法律适用的立法中运用了分割的方法而将一般合同和特殊合同分别进行规定,但是并没有涉及代孕合同的法律适用问题,故立法空白应该予以填补。我国在进行代孕合同的法律适用立法时应继续沿用分割方法而将其作为一类特殊合同而对其不同方面进行单独和分别的规定,并综合考虑代孕合同的人身性与财产性而兼采属人法、当事人意思自治、最密切联系等多种法律适用原则。同时,立法还应该将代孕合同准据法的适用限定在除了当事人缔约能力和形式有效性问题之外的合同本体问题的范围之内,并强调以公共秩序保留等国际私法制度排除在这一领域中外国准据法适用的重要性。
[Abstract]:Under the background of contemporary globalization, the cross-border movement of people is becoming more and more convenient and frequent, and the phenomenon of the conflict of laws in the contract of surrogate with transnational factors is not unavoidable. This makes the international private law inevitably involve the legal application of transnational surrogate contracts. In the four part of logical connection: the first part defines the transnational surrogate contract and expounds the specific manifestations of the conflict of the legal application of the transnational surrogate contract. The interpretation of the surrogate is generally centered around the principal parents and the surrogate mother, in which the contract between the principal and the surrogate mother is a surrogate contract, that is, the principal parent. In a contract, the surrogate mother is appointed by the surrogate mother to give birth to a child through artificial reproductive technology and give up the parental rights of the child, and deliver the born child to the entrusted parent. For a country, at least one of the parents' residence or the surrogate place is involved in a surrogate contract. Other countries, that is, transnational surrogate contract. Due to the difference of relevant legislation in various countries, the conflict of laws of transnational surrogate contracts is the most concentrated and often occurred in the two aspects of the parties' ability to contract and the validity of the contract. The second part demonstrates the law application method of the transnational surrogate contract. In a methodological way, there is a debate on the theory of holism and the theory of segmentation in different aspects of the contract as a whole or the different aspects of the contract and contract. There are also the confrontation between subjective and objective factors, which are mainly subjective factors or objective factors. Unlike other contracts, because the contract involves different aspects of the parties' contracting ability and substantial validity, the method is more reasonable and scientific when considering the applicable law of the law, and the autonomy of the party's autonomy determines the main view method of the law and the objective factors related to the contract. The third part discusses the principle of the application of the law of the transnational surrogate contract. Since the transnational surrogate contract has a strong personal attribute while having the general characteristics of the contract, the contract field is the most popular in the choice of the application of the principle of law. The principle of party autonomy, the most close contact principle and the principle of personal law, which are generally adopted in personal relations, should be taken into consideration. In particular, it should be based on the method of division, the contracting parties' contracting ability, the form requirements of the surrogate contract and the principle of personal law should be adopted to determine the applicable law. In addition to the essential elements of a surrogate contract other than the party's contracting ability, the applicable law is determined by the combination of the principle of party autonomy and the most close contact principle. The fourth part puts forward specific suggestions on the legislation applicable to the contract of transnational surrogate contract in our country. However, the legal application of the contract of surrogate should be filled with the provisions of the general contract and the special contract, but it does not involve the application of the law on the contract of surrogate. In addition, the legislation should also limit the application of the applicable law of surrogate contract to the noumenon problem of contract in addition to the parties' ability to contract and the form of the form of validity. In addition, the importance of the application of foreign applicable law in this field is emphasized in the field of private international law, such as reservation of public order.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997

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