美国“过度海洋主张”理论及实践的批判性分析

发布时间：2018-06-19 17:50

本文选题：“过度海洋主张” + 航行自由行动　；参考：《国际问题研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：美国以其所谓"过度海洋主张"理论为支撑,30多年来持续开展"航行自由行动",针对它所认为的其他国家提出的不符合《联合国海洋法公约》(简称《公约》)的海洋主张予以挑战。"过度海洋主张"理论缺乏《公约》基础,存在单方面解读《公约》、曲解《公约》条款、罔顾习惯国际法规则及"持续反对者"因素等瑕疵。而作为"过度海洋主张"理论具体实践的美国"航行自由行动"的实质是打着维护《公约》的旗号,行违反《公约》精神之实。"航行自由行动"将正常的"航行自由"嬗变为军舰的"横行自由",以美国自创的"国际水域"等概念对他国进行"长臂管辖",不仅不可能解决《公约》中存在的模糊争议,还会加剧海上争端。
[Abstract]:The United States, supported by its so-called "excessive maritime claims" theory, has continued to carry out "freedom of navigation operations" for more than 30 years, in response to what it considers to be seas that are not in conformity with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), or the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The foreign advocate challenges it. " "the theory of excessive ocean claims lacks the basis of the Convention, and there are defects such as unilateral interpretation of the Convention, misinterpretation of the provisions of the Convention, disregard of the rules of customary international law and" persistent objectors ", and so on. As a concrete practice of the theory of "excessive ocean claim", the essence of "freedom of navigation" of the United States is to uphold the "Convention" in the name of, in violation of the spirit of the "Convention". " Action on Freedom of Navigation "transmutes the normal" freedom of navigation "into the" transverse freedom "of warships, and exercises" long-arm jurisdiction "on other countries with the concepts of" international waters "created by the United States. It is not only impossible to resolve the vague disputes existing in the" Convention ". It also exacerbates maritime disputes.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学中国法治战略研究中心;
【基金】：作者参与的2016年度国家社科基金重大项目“我国南海岛礁所涉重大现实问题及其对策研究”(项目编号:16ZDA073) 2016年度中国海洋发展研究会重大项目“《联合国海洋法公约》若干制度完善研究”(项目编号:CAMAZDA201601) 2016年度华东政法大学校级课题“岛屿领土主权取得的国际法问题研究”(项目编号:16HZK001)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D871.2;D993.5

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