欧洲法上的人权与人格权保护

发布时间：2018-06-20 03:07

本文选题：欧洲 + 人格权　；参考：《烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：欧洲各国大致通过三种途径实现对人格权的民法保护。其中欧陆法系国家有两种,一部分是关注一般人格权保护,另一部分是注重具体人格权保护,而英国法则是关注违法行为本身以及不同侵权个案的具体情形。无论哪种保护方式,核心问题是要区分人格权内涵的不同领域而予以不同程度的法律保护。对法律地位清晰明确、显而易见以及法律位阶较高的人格权益,应予以较高程度的保护,反之,则应给予较低程度的保护或者不予保护。宪法性权利可以对私权产生间接却重要的影响,人权对人格权的影响也是如此。欧洲许多国家便是通过解读《欧洲人权公约》来寻求人格权的法律保护。与此同时,欧洲人权法院在适用《欧洲人权公约》的过程中,试图促成欧洲各国人格权保护的统一标准。在侵害人格权的法律后果上,是否适用非财产损害赔偿,是反映一个国家对人格权保护是否充分以及适当的试金石。基于对侵权法补偿功能的考量,并不适宜将惩罚性赔偿引入人格权法律保护。
[Abstract]:European countries generally realize the civil law protection of personality right through three ways. Among them, there are two kinds of countries in European legal system, one is to pay attention to the protection of general personality right, the other is to pay attention to the protection of specific personality rights, and the British law is to pay attention to the violation itself and the specific situation of different infringement cases. No matter which way of protection, the core problem is to distinguish the different fields of personality right connotation and to give different degree of legal protection. To the legal status clear, obvious and the legal rank higher personality rights and interests, should give the higher degree protection, otherwise, should give the lower degree protection or does not have the protection. Constitutional rights can have indirect but important effects on private rights, as well as human rights on personality rights. Many countries in Europe seek legal protection of personal rights by interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights. At the same time, the European Court of Human Rights in the application of the European Convention on Human Rights, trying to promote the European countries in the protection of human rights unified standards. On the legal consequence of infringing on personality right, the application of non-property damage compensation is a test to reflect whether a country has enough and proper protection of personality right. Based on the consideration of the compensation function of tort law, it is not appropriate to introduce punitive damages into the legal protection of personality rights.
【作者单位】：欧洲侵权法研究院;烟台大学法学院;
【分类号】：D998.2

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