《鹿特丹规则》下承运人责任基础问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 20:26

本文选题：《鹿特丹规则》 + 责任基础　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：承运人责任基础作为国际海上货物运输法中的核心内容,一直以来都是船货双方利益博弈的焦点。长久以来,承运人责任基础问题经过航运实践的发展以及判例的充实,已经形成了一套完整且独具特色的体系。但是,由于已经生效的国际海上货物运输立法很不统一,所以,关于承运人责任基础的规定也不一致。基于此原因,1996年,联合国国际贸易法委员会(United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, UNCITRAL)委托国际海事委员会(Committee Maritime International, CMI)开始起草新的运输法,意在统一现行的国际运输法律。2008年12月11日《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》(《鹿特丹规则》)最终通过。《鹿特丹规则》在承运人责任基础方面,虽然一定程度上加重了承运人的责任,但却体现了国际海上货物运输发展的必然趋势。本文对于《鹿特丹规则》下承运人责任基础问题的研究,除引言和结论外,将分以下4章展开：第1章首先对承运人责任基础的定义加以明确,认定《鹿特丹规则》下承运人的责任基础包括归责原则、除外风险和举证责任三部分内容。随后列举出影响承运人责任基础的因素。第2章分为四部分。第一部分简要概括《鹿特丹规则》制定的背景。第二部分阐述了《鹿特丹规则》建立新的承运人责任基础制度的必要性。第三部分从归责原则、除外风险、举证责任、混合原因下的责任承担四个方面,解析《鹿特丹规则》中承运人责任基础的规定。第四部分,通过与《海牙规则》、《汉堡规则》的比较,更好地体现出《鹿特丹规则》承运人责任基础构建中的新意。第3章是对《鹿特丹规则》下承运人责任基础变动内容的评析,分别从归责原则、除外风险、举证责任三方面展开。其中对除外风险部分进行评述时,更是将《鹿特丹规则》对航海过失免责和火灾过失免责的态度作了着重说明。第4章为《鹿特丹规则》对完善我国《海商法》承运人责任基础制度的启示。提出我国《海商法》的部分规定,已明显落后于我国航运业的发展和国际航运形势的变化,应在今后修改过程中予以完善,并提出修改意见。
[Abstract]:As the core of the international law of carriage of goods by sea, the basis of carrier liability has always been the focus of the interests of both parties. For a long time, the carrier liability foundation has formed a complete and unique system through the development of shipping practice and the enrichment of the case law. However, because the legislation on the international carriage of goods by sea that has come into force is very inconsistent, the provisions on the basis of the carrier's liability are also inconsistent. For this reason, in 1996, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, UNCITRAL, commissioned the Maritime International Law Committee of the International Maritime Commission to begin drafting a new transport law. The final adoption of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea (Rotterdam rules) of 11 December 2008. The Rotterdam rules are based on the carrier's liability, Although the carrier's responsibility is aggravated to some extent, it reflects the inevitable trend of the development of international carriage of goods by sea. In this paper, the basis of carrier liability under the Rotterdam rules, in addition to the introduction and conclusions, will be divided into the following four chapters: chapter 1 defines the basis of carrier liability. The liability basis of the carrier under Rotterdam rules includes liability principle, excluding risk and burden of proof. Then the factors influencing the carrier's liability are listed. Chapter 2 is divided into four parts. The first part briefly summarizes the background of the formulation of the Rotterdam rules. The second part expounds the necessity of establishing a new carrier liability system in Rotterdam rules. The third part analyzes the basis of carrier's liability in Rotterdam rules from four aspects: liability principle, excluding risk, burden of proof, and burden of burden under mixed causes. The fourth part, through the comparison with the Hague rules and Hamburg rules, better reflects the new ideas in the carrier liability foundation construction of the Rotterdam rules. Chapter 3 analyzes the basic changes of carrier's liability under Rotterdam rules, from three aspects: liability principle, excluding risk and burden of proof. When the exception risk part is reviewed, the attitude of marine fault exemption and fire fault exemption is emphasized in Rotterdam rules. Chapter 4 is the enlightenment of Rotterdam rules to the improvement of carrier liability system in Maritime Law of China. It is pointed out that some provisions of Maritime Law of our country have lagged behind the development of China's shipping industry and the change of international shipping situation, which should be perfected in the course of revision in the future, and some suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19

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