论气候变化背景下水法的适应性

发布时间：2018-06-20 22:13

本文选题：水法 + 气候变化　；参考：《武汉大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：2010年联合国水机制在其政策摘要中明确指出，水在气候变化适应中至关重要。与此相应，适应性水法律制度成为因应气候变化的适应性法律体系的重要组成部分。本文拟以气候变化适应为起点，广泛关注水法的适应性问题，不仅从应对气候变化的视角，立足脆弱性理论，研究以适应能力建设为导向的适应性水法律制度体系的构建，更尝试从水治道变革的角度，立足不确定性和复杂性理论，探讨水适应性管理、水风险管理、水综合管理对水法的挑战和立法诉求，以及水法能否有效回应并适应的问题。全文共分为四章：第一章适应性立法的证成。通过探寻“适应”从应对气候变化的基本策略演变为国际法律制度的发展轨迹，论证“适应”已经成为正式的法律问题且适应性立法已经成为内涵明晰、框架雏成的独立的法律部门。在国际法层面概述了《联合国气候变化框架公约》的适应条款、《公约》外的适应行动以及《公约》后的适应制度进程，界定了国内法层面的适应性立法的概念，分析了应对气候变化适应性立法的框架体系，确定适应性水法律制度在其中的重要地位。第二章适应性水法的界说。以IPCC的技术报告《气候变化与水》为依据，介绍了气候变化对水的影响、对水管理的挑战，，以及水管理应对气候变化的基本策略；概述了气候变化在法学领域所引发的水法思辨，包括应对气候变化的应急化处理、集权化思路和体系化构建等三种模式；通过分析气候变化适应理论的历史沿革和应对不确定性的一般策略，将气候变化适应理论的核心定位为脆弱性，主张立足脆弱性将适应性水法体系建设目标定位于水管理适应能力建设。第三章阐述气候变化视域外水治道的适应性变革。通过对水适应性管理、水风险管理、水综合管理的理论注解，以及适应性管理的环境实用主义注解，廓清不同管理理念对待不确定性和复杂性问题的解题思路及其对水法的适应性挑战，研究视角从单一的自然科学转向与社会科学相结合。第四章由水治道适应性变革进一步探讨水法的适应性问题。分析水治道适应性变革对水法的适应性挑战；在阐释法律适应性一般理论的基础上，论述水法适应性问题的特殊性，拓展对法律适应性的理解，论证水法适应性既包括对水治道变革的适应，也包括对气候变化适应的适应；以中国为例，对水法适应性进行个案分析和实证分析，并最终借由复杂适应系统理论和开放的复杂巨系统理论说明水法适应性的限度。
[Abstract]:In 2010, UN-Water made clear in its policy summary that water is essential for climate change adaptation. Accordingly, the adaptive water legal system becomes an important part of the adaptive legal system in response to climate change. In this paper, the adaptation to climate change is taken as the starting point, and the adaptation of water law is concerned widely, not only from the perspective of climate change, based on vulnerability theory, but also to study the construction of adaptive water legal system guided by adaptive capacity building. From the point of view of water governance reform, based on the theory of uncertainty and complexity, this paper probes into the challenges and legislative demands of water adaptive management, water risk management, water comprehensive management to water law, and whether the water law can effectively respond to and adapt to water law. The full text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is the proof of adaptive legislation. By exploring the development trajectory of "adaptation" from the basic strategy to the international legal system, it is demonstrated that "adaptation" has become a formal legal issue and adaptive legislation has become a clear connotation. A framework of independent legal departments. Having outlined at the international law level the adaptation provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, adaptation actions outside the Convention and the post-Convention adaptation regime process, and defining the concept of adaptive legislation at the domestic legal level, This paper analyzes the framework system of adaptive legislation to deal with climate change and determines the important position of adaptive water legal system in it. The second chapter is the definition of adaptive water law. Based on IPCC technical report "Climate change and Water", the impacts of climate change on water, the challenges to water management and the basic strategies of water management to deal with climate change are introduced. This paper summarizes the thinking of water law caused by climate change in the field of law, including three modes of emergency treatment, centralization and systematization construction. By analyzing the historical evolution of climate change adaptation theory and the general strategy to deal with uncertainty, the core of climate change adaptation theory is defined as vulnerability. Based on vulnerability, the aim of building adaptive water law system should be based on water management. The third chapter expounds the adaptation change of the water treatment road in the field of climate change. Through the theoretical comments on water adaptive management, water risk management, water integrated management, and environmental pragmatism of adaptive management, This paper clarifies the thinking of solving the problems of uncertainty and complexity in different management concepts and its adaptability challenge to the water law. The research angle of view is from the single natural science to the social science. In chapter 4, the adaptability of water law is further discussed. On the basis of expounding the general theory of legal adaptability, this paper discusses the particularity of the adaptability of water law, and extends the understanding of the adaptability of law. It is demonstrated that adaptation of water law not only includes adaptation to the change of water governance, but also adaptation to climate change. Taking China as an example, the adaptation of water law is analyzed by case study and empirical analysis. Finally, the limits of water law adaptability are illustrated by the complex adaptive system theory and the open complex giant system theory.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

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