论条约文本解释的优先使用性

发布时间：2018-06-21 22:14

本文选题：解释 + 条约文本解释　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从联合国成立以来,特别是随着经济全球化的发展,国际社会将追求国际法治作为发展国际法的一个重要目标。因为国际法治的一个显著特征就是通过国际法规则进行国际社会的治理,所以这就需要完善和发展国际法。在国际法律体系中,国际条约也就成为最为重要的国际法规则的表现形式。这表明国际法治建设与国际条约研究具有密不可分的关系。条约文本的模糊性是所有法律体系的共同特征,也是其固有的特性。条约所记载的文字本身一般是精炼的,缔约方将其意图赋予给了不会说话的文本,而该文本一经诞生又具有了独立的“意志”,即不断变化、发展的政治、经济、文化、传统习惯。在这样的前提下,条约的文本便成为并非“事实清楚明白的观点”(the plain-fact view).这就需要借助于解释来深化文本的含义,拓宽其适用的领域。由此可见条约解释的意义非常重大。条约解释的方法有很多,本文的观点是在坚持以条约文本解释方法优先使用的前提下,运用其它的解释方法作为补充。本文分别从以下三个方而论述了条约文本解释的优先使用性：一、条约文本解释的界定。论述了条约文本解释的内涵、范围以及条约进行文本解释的必要性。“文本解释”又称“客观解释”,文本解释以条约本身的内容作为精确解释的根据,通过对条约原文的解释来说明缔约各方的意图。条约文本的意义永远处于不断理解的过程之中,通过文本解释可以将抽象的文字应用到具体的条约冲突之中。二、条约文本解释的优先使用性。本部分分别阐述了文本解释在条约解释中的地位,以及进行文本解释时所使用的方法。文本解释在条约解释方法中不是唯一的方法,在解释条约冲突时,也会考虑其他方法的综合运用以期求得正当合理的效果。但要强调的是,文本解释具有优先性的特质,当其他条约解释的结论与文本解释的结论不一致时,应以文本解释为准。进行条约解释时以善意解释、通常意义解释、上下文并参考条约目的和宗旨解释方法以及当代意义解释方法为补充。三、条约文本解释的意义。分别从四个方面对该部分进行阐述：l、有利于保持条约自身的稳定性；2、有利于限制缔约者和法官的恣意；3、有利于体现缔约者的意思；4、能更好的实现法治社会。文本解释的优先使川,这里的优先不仅仅是指在顺序上的优先选择,而且还包括解释者应尽量减少使用文义外的解释方法,其他方法只能作为补充,不可以动摇文本解释的基础地位。法治反对那种为了达到某种目的而不顾常义的添加或者转义解释。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the United Nations, especially with the development of economic globalization, the international community has taken the pursuit of the international rule of law as an important goal in the development of international law. Because an outstanding feature of international rule of law is to govern the international community through the rules of international law, it is necessary to perfect and develop international law. In the international legal system, international treaties have become the most important manifestation of the rules of international law. This indicates that the construction of international rule of law is closely related to the study of international treaties. The ambiguity of treaty texts is a common and inherent feature of all legal systems. The text contained in the treaty itself is generally refined, and the parties have given their intention to a text that does not speak and, once it is born, has an independent "will", that is, a constantly changing, developing political, economic, cultural, Traditional habits. On such a premise, the text of the treaty becomes a "clear and unambiguous view" (the plain-fact view).) Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the meaning of the text by means of interpretation and to widen the scope of its application. Thus, the significance of treaty interpretation is very great. There are many methods of treaty interpretation, and the point of view in this paper is to use other interpretation methods as a supplement on the premise that the treaty text interpretation method should be used first. This paper discusses the priority of treaty text interpretation from the following three aspects: first, the definition of treaty text interpretation. This paper discusses the connotation and scope of treaty text interpretation and the necessity of treaty text interpretation. "text interpretation" is also called "objective interpretation". The text interpretation takes the content of the treaty itself as the basis for accurate interpretation and explains the intention of the contracting parties through the interpretation of the original text of the treaty. The meaning of treaty text is always in the process of continuous understanding. Abstract text can be applied to concrete treaty conflict through text interpretation. Second, the preemptive nature of treaty text interpretation. This part expounds the status of text interpretation in treaty interpretation and the methods used in text interpretation. The text interpretation is not the only method in the treaty interpretation method. When interpreting the conflict of the treaty, the comprehensive application of other methods will be taken into account in order to obtain the legitimate and reasonable effect. It should be emphasized, however, that the interpretation of the text is of priority, and should prevail when the conclusions of other treaty interpretations are inconsistent with the conclusions of the interpretation of the text. Treaty interpretation is supplemented by good faith interpretation, general meaning interpretation, context and reference to the interpretation of the object and purpose of the treaty as well as the interpretation of contemporary meaning. Third, the meaning of treaty text interpretation. It is beneficial to maintain the stability of the treaty itself, to limit the arbitrariness of the signatory and the judge, to embody the intention of the signatory and to realize the rule of law society better. The priority given to the interpretation of the text is that the priority here not only refers to the priority of choice in order, but also includes that the interpreter should minimize the use of methods of interpretation other than the literal meaning, which can only be supplemented by other methods. The basic position of text interpretation must not be shaken. The rule of law opposes the addition or escape interpretation of Chang Yi for a purpose.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.8

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