鹿特丹规则下控制方对承运人的赔偿责任

发布时间：2018-06-23 01:25

本文选题：鹿特丹规则 + 控制方　；参考：《大连海事大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《鹿特丹规则》对控制权和控制方的创举会极大完善各国海上运输法律对卖方利益的保护,在签发了不可转让运输单证或电子运输记录以及未签发任何运输单证或电子运输记录的情况下,针对FOB贸易,控制权首先应赋予单证托运人,这会极大保护卖方的利益。针对我国海上贸易大部分已FOB为主的前提下,《鹿特丹规则》控制方的提出也会对我国出口贸易的保护提供保证。享有货物控制权的人称为控制方,控制方除享有货物控制权外,还享有与承运人协商变更合同的权利。在签发不同的运输单证或电子运输记录的情况下,控制方的识别方法以及转让控制权的规则有所不同。在符合法定的条件下,承运人应执行控制方行使控制权所发出的指示,但因此而产生的合理的费用和损失,应由控制方承担；承运人有权要求控制方为此提供相应的担保。承运人不合理地拒绝执行控制方的知识的,亦需承担赔偿责任。控制方有义务向承运人或履约方提供有关信息、指示或文件；如控制方无法提供此种信息等,则应由托运人或者单证托运人提供此种信息、指示或文件。控制方对承运人的赔偿基础是承运人谨慎执行了控制方的指示,这就意味着并非所有因承运人执行控制方指示而产生的所有额外费用和损失控制方都有赔偿责任,仅仅当承运人履行勤勉义务下,控制方对承运人因执行指示所产生的额外费用及损失才予以赔偿。本文分为引言、正文、结语三大部分,正文部分共分为三章。第一章,控制方赔偿的基础。本章将详细叙述控制方的控制权和基于控制权所拥有的指示权,指出控制方因为指示权使用不当承担赔偿责任。第二章,控制方赔偿责任的责任性质。本章将分析控制方赔偿责任的具体性质,包括范围、限制、归责原则和期间等。第三章,基于承运人执行指示,控制方的赔偿责任。本章将分三部分讨论,基于承运人承担的合理的额外费用控制方的赔偿责任；基于承运人遭受的灭失或者损坏,控制方的赔偿责任；控制方不负补偿的情形。最后得出结论,在承运人履行勤勉义务下,控制方针对承运人履行指示而造成的损失分情况负补偿责任或赔偿责任,而对于《鹿特丹规则》没有规定的延迟损失,承运人可以通过国内法来解决。
[Abstract]:The Rotterdam rules' creation of the right of control and the controlling party will greatly improve the protection of the seller's interests by national maritime transport laws, Where a non-negotiable transport document or electronic transport record has been issued and no transport document or electronic transport record has been issued, control over FOB trade should first be vested in the documentary shipper, which would greatly protect the seller's interests. In view of the fact that most of China's maritime trade has been mainly FOB, the proposal of the controlling party of the Rotterdam rules will also guarantee the protection of China's export trade. The person who enjoys the right of control of the goods is called the controlling party. In addition to the right of control of the goods, the controlling party also has the right to negotiate with the carrier to change the contract. Where different transport documents or electronic transport records are issued, the identification of the controlling party and the rules governing the transfer of control differ. Subject to statutory conditions, the carrier shall execute the instructions given by the controlling party in the exercise of the right of control, but the reasonable costs and losses arising therefrom shall be borne by the controlling party; the carrier shall have the right to require the controlling party to provide corresponding security for this purpose. If the carrier unreasonably refuses to execute the knowledge of the controlling party, it shall also be liable for compensation. The controlling party is obliged to provide the carrier or performing party with the relevant information, instructions or documents or, if the controlling party is unable to provide such information, the shipper or documentary shipper shall provide such information, instructions or documents. Compensation by the controlling party to the carrier is based on the careful implementation by the carrier of the instructions of the controlling party, which means that not all additional costs and losses incurred by the carrier as a result of the execution of the instructions of the controlling party are liable, Only if the carrier performs the duty of diligence, the controlling party shall compensate the carrier for the additional costs and losses incurred by the carrier as a result of the execution of the instructions. This article is divided into introduction, text, conclusion three parts, the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, the basis of compensation by the controlling party. This chapter will describe the controlling party's right of control and the instructive power based on the right of control in detail, and point out that the controlling party is liable for improper use of the power of command. The second chapter, the nature of liability of the controlling party. This chapter will analyze the specific nature of the controlling party's liability, including scope, limitation, imputation principle and duration. The third chapter, based on the carrier's execution instructions, the liability of the controlling party. This chapter will be divided into three parts: liability of the controlling party based on the carrier's reasonable additional costs; liability of the controlling party based on the loss or damage suffered by the carrier; and failure of the controlling party to compensate. Finally, it is concluded that, under the carrier's duty of diligence, the controlling party is liable for compensation or liability for the loss caused by the carrier's performance of the instructions, but for the delayed loss not provided for in the Rotterdam rules, The carrier can be settled by domestic law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19

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