国际信托多元化发展之立法完善

发布时间：2018-06-28 15:08

本文选题：国际信托 + 多元化发展　；参考：《中南民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际信托是信托制度在国际范围内的延伸。信托制度逐渐被很多大陆法系的国家所接受。国际信托在各国被承认的客观必然性决定了国际信托多元化的发展趋势。它不但会给中国信托制度的带来考验，而且能激发立法者对民事信托、公益信托等制度的深入研究，弥补我国在民事信托等领域的空白。从本质上说，国际信托的多元化发展对中国意义重大。笔者在撰写此文的时一直在思考，怎样让更多的法律人重新审视我国的信托制度，研究其与国际信托接轨的可能性；怎样让政府更加重视信托业在我国的发展，促使国际信托多元化得以实现。时代发展的今天，在频繁的国际经济文化交往中，国际间的信托纠纷逐渐增多。在国际信托法律关系中,不管是对于信托当事人还是参与裁决的法官来说,因法系间的差异,信托关系的设立和信托纠纷的解决都十分不便。我一直在思考这样一些问题：大陆法系国家的人在英美法系国家成立一份关于财产或遗嘱的民事信托，抑或公益信托，在实践上该如何操作？假如后来发生法律纠纷，法官会如何裁决呢？先天性制度差异可能会带来判决或裁定上等诸多问题。正如某些学者所言，在涉外信托纠纷发生时,由于信托法律的差异,大陆法系国家的法院和当事人均不知道该如何处理。在就如何处理信托没有达成一致意见时,法院和当事人都要花费相当多的时间和精力去研究英美法系信托制度在其域内定性、吸收或转化等问题。因此,大陆法系国家非常渴望了解并且合理解决国际信托问题。英美法系国家在处理国际信托法律关系时同样会出现很棘手的问题。这必然会促使各国在对于本国信托立法上予以足够重视。有人会说，针对国际信托纠纷，法官可以援引法律适用法来解决。但法律适用法只是程序法，问题最终需要准据法来解决。换句话说，信托实体法是最终被用来解决信托纠纷的法律。在各国信托立法参差不齐的现状下，很难得到公正的判决。从这个意义上讲，我们需要国际信托制度能够逐渐成熟和发展。让越来越多的立法者开始思考本国的信托立法。在国际信托中，呈现出国际商事信托“一家独大”的特点，长此以往，不利于国际信托的健康发展。因此，笔者提出了国际信托多元化发展的观点。即国际信托的范围不能满足在国际商事信托中，还必须向其它领域发展。最终，国际信托多元化过程中可以促使各国不断完善或修改本国的法律，促使现存的“差异化”立法格局能够被改变，满足国际信托实践的需要。从这个意义上讲，国际信托多元化与缓解国际信托纠纷是相辅相成。何谓国际信托多元化发展？笔者认为，国际信托的多元化发展是指信托在国际范围内从商事领域向民事、公益领域发展。国际信托多元化发展的设想打破了固有的国际信托结构，，发展后的成果又可以惠及到各国的信托制度，最终服务于国际经济文化交流的实践。本文第一章阐述了国际信托的基本框架、功能以及特点，厘清了国际信托制度与其他诸多类似法律概念的区别。第二章阐述了国际信托多元化发展的意义和制度背景，以及可行性分析。第三章则以案例为视角，阐述了在民事领域和公益领域内中运用国际信托制度的优越性，及其各项制度的具体运作方式。第四章则从实践的角度阐述了国际信托制度在各个领域内可能面临的问题或障碍，并从国际信托委托人、受托人、受益人的角度阐述了国际信托多元化发展的实践障碍。第五章则是针对国际信托多元化发展障碍提出具体的解决措施。作者首先从国际和国内两个角度予以分析并提出了相应的立法建议，然后论及了中国成为《海牙信托公约》的可行性，最终服务于国际信托多元化。
[Abstract]:International Trust is the extension of the trust system in the international scope. The trust system has gradually been accepted by many countries in the continental law system. The objective inevitability of international trusts in various countries determines the development trend of International Trust diversification. It will not only test the Chinese trust system, but also stimulate the lawmakers to the civil trust, public trust, and the public trust. The in-depth study of Yi trust system makes up for the gaps in China's civil trust and so on. In essence, the diversification of international trust is of great significance to China.
In writing this article, the author has been thinking about how to allow more legal people to reexamine the trust system in our country and study the possibility of its connection with international trust; how to make the government pay more attention to the development of the trust industry in our country and promote the realization of the International Trust diversification.
With the development of the times today, in the frequent international economic and cultural exchanges, International Trust disputes have gradually increased. In the legal relationship of international trust, whether it is for the trust parties or the judges participating in the decision, the establishment of trust relations and the settlement of the trust dispute are very inconvenient because of the difference between the legal system. Some questions: in the civil law countries, people in the common law countries have established a civil trust on property or will, or the public trust, how to operate in practice? If a legal dispute occurs later, how will the judge decide?
As some scholars have said, as some scholars have said, the courts and parties in civil law countries do not know how to deal with the differences in trust laws when foreign trust disputes occur. In the case of no agreement on how to deal with the trust, both the court and the parties should do it. It takes a considerable amount of time and effort to study the problems of the Anglo American legal system trust system in its domain, such as qualitative, absorption, or transformation. Therefore, the civil law countries are very eager to understand and solve the international trust problems. The state attaches enough importance to the legislation of domestic trust.
Some people will say that the judge can invoke the law applicable law to solve the International Trust disputes. But the law applicable law is only procedural law, and the problem ultimately needs the applicable law. In other words, the trust entity law is the law which is finally used to solve the trust disputes. It is difficult to get a fair judgment in the situation of the uneven state of trust legislation in various countries. In this sense, we need the international trust system to gradually mature and develop. More and more legislators begin to think about their own trust legislation. In the international trust, the international commercial trust "one big one" is characterized by the fact that the international trust is not conducive to the healthy development of international trust. The view that the scope of the international trust can not be met in the international commercial trust must also be developed in other fields. In the end, the International Trust diversification process can encourage countries to constantly improve or modify their own laws, so that the existing "differentiated" legislative pattern can be changed to meet the practice of International Trust. In this sense, diversification of International Trust and mitigation of International Trust disputes complement each other.
What is the pluralistic development of international trust? The author thinks that the pluralistic development of international trust refers to the development of trust in the field of civil and public welfare in the field of business. The idea of the pluralistic development of International Trust has broken the inherent international trust structure, and the development results can also benefit the trust system of various countries and ultimately serve the trust system. Practice of international economic and cultural exchanges.
The first chapter of this article expounds the basic framework, function and characteristics of international trust, clarifies the difference between international trust system and many other similar legal concepts. The second chapter expounds the significance and institutional background of the development of International Trust and the feasibility analysis. The third chapter expounds the civil and public welfare in the Perspective of case. The superiority of the International Trust System in the field and the concrete operation of various systems. The fourth chapter expounds the possible problems or obstacles that the international trust system may face in various fields from the perspective of practice, and expounds the practical obstacle to the pluralistic development of international trust from the perspective of the trustees, trustees and beneficiaries of the international trust. The fifth chapter puts forward specific solutions to the barriers to the development of international trust. The author first analyzes and puts forward relevant legislative proposals from two perspectives, both at home and abroad, and then discusses the feasibility of China as the "Hague trust Convention", and ultimately serves the pluralism of international trust.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.2

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