论国家管辖豁免中“商业交易”行为的认定

发布时间：2018-06-30 05:27

本文选题：国家管辖豁免 + 绝对豁免　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家及其财产享有管辖豁免是当今国际法学界一个重要而又复杂的理论与实践问题。之所以重要是因为该问题关乎国家利益，之所以复杂是因为国家管辖豁免存在绝对豁免原则和相对豁免原则的对立，以及如何认定相对豁免，仍然迷雾重重。国家管辖豁免牵涉到一个国家的主权问题，对于国家发展对外经济影响重大。随着国际经济贸易的发展，国家豁免问题的重要意义日益凸显。本文主要研究国家及其财产管辖豁免中“商业交易”行为的认定问题。文章第一部分论述了国家及其财产管辖豁免存在的两种原则，即绝对豁免原则和限制豁免原则。无论从国际社会立法，还是从各国国内立法与实践来看，限制豁免已经成为当今国家及其财产管辖豁免的主流。何谓限制豁免，在哪些方面进行限制，国际立法和国内立法还是有区别的，但只有商业例外得到了普遍认可。商业例外指的是对于国家的商业交易行为不应当给予国家管辖豁免，但判定商业交易行为的标准需要具体分析。文章第二部分结合理论与实践，采用比较分析方法、案例分析方法等方法具体分析了商业例外的范围和认定标准。对于商业例外的范围，应该采取定义法与列举法相结合，对于商业例外的认定标准，应以行为的性质为主要判断标准，并辅之以考虑目的。文章第三部分根据我国的立法现状、司法实践，深入分析了我国对国家管辖豁免问题的立场：一方面在立法中出现了限制豁免的趋势，另一方面在实践中仍采取绝对豁免。同时，结合当前国际形势，分析了我国由于国家管辖豁免立法缺失所面临的挑战，提出了向限制豁免转变是发展的必然趋势。文章第四部分根据当前我国在国家管辖豁免问题上存在的不足与困境，提出转变立场、完善相关立法以及设置专门机构势在必行。并根据我国国情，提出切实可行的立法建议。认为在国家豁免立法中商业例外制度应包括商业行为定义、商业行为的判断标准、商业例外条款三方面内容。
[Abstract]:The jurisdictional immunity of states and their property is an important and complicated theoretical and practical problem in international legal circles. The reason why it is important is that the issue is of national interest and complex because the principle of absolute immunity and the principle of relative immunity are opposed to each other, and how to determine relative immunity is still hazy. The immunity from national jurisdiction is related to the sovereignty of a country and has a great impact on the development of foreign economy. With the development of international economy and trade, the importance of state immunity becomes more and more important. This paper mainly studies the identification of "commercial transaction" in the jurisdictional immunity of the state and its property. The first part discusses two principles of the existence of jurisdictional immunity of the state and its property, namely absolute immunity and restricted immunity. Not only from the international legislation, but also from the domestic legislation and practice, restricted immunity has become the mainstream of the jurisdictional immunity of the state and its property. There are differences between international legislation and domestic legislation, but only commercial exceptions are generally accepted. Commercial exception refers to the fact that the immunity from jurisdiction should not be granted to the commercial transactions of the state, but the criteria for judging the commercial transactions need to be analyzed concretely. In the second part, combining theory and practice, the author analyzes the scope and standard of commercial exception by comparative analysis method and case analysis method. For the scope of commercial exception, the definition method and enumeration method should be adopted, and the determination standard of commercial exception should take the nature of the act as the main criterion, and be supplemented by the consideration of the purpose. In the third part, according to the current situation of our country's legislation and judicial practice, we deeply analyze our country's position on the issue of immunity from national jurisdiction: on the one hand, there is a trend of restricting immunity in legislation, on the other hand, we still adopt absolute immunity in practice. At the same time, according to the current international situation, this paper analyzes the challenges that our country faces due to the lack of legislation on national jurisdictional immunity, and points out that the transition to restricted immunity is an inevitable trend of development. In the fourth part, according to the shortcomings and difficulties existing in the issue of national immunity from jurisdiction in China, it is imperative to change our position, perfect the relevant legislation and set up specialized agencies. And according to the situation of our country, put forward the feasible legislative suggestion. The author holds that the system of commercial exception in the legislation of state immunity should include three aspects: the definition of commercial conduct, the judgment standard of commercial conduct, and the commercial exception clause.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D992

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