关于大陆架划界公平原则的研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 07:03

本文选题：大陆架划界 + 公平原则　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着海洋技术的发展，以及相关公约对于大陆架制度的规定，各相关国家纷纷对大陆架提出主张，大陆架划界的争端不断，迄今为止仍有众多大陆架边界尚未解决。而大陆架划界争议的焦点是公平原则、等距离/特殊情况原则、自然延伸原则的法律地位及适用。本文第一章对于大陆架的概念，，以及相关国际公约对大陆架概念和大陆架划界的规定作了简要概述，并指出目前大陆架划界争议的缘起和焦点。通过分析公平原则的产生及确立的发展历程，本文第二章论证了公平原则已然成为一项习惯国际法原则，是指导大陆架划界的根本原则。并论述了公平原则的三个基本涵义，即：结果公平、考虑有关情况、划界方法的非强制性。其中结果公平是公平原则的核心内容。然而，公平原则有着过度的灵活性和不确定性，不利于相关大陆架划界争端的解决，为此本文第三章试图构建一个大陆架划界的公平原则体系，以期使公平原则趋于确定。在公平原则体系下，协议划界原则是对当事各方意思自治，缔约自由的尊重，是公平的题中之义，也符合国际法和平解决争端的精神。因此，当产生相关争端时，当事各方应首先努力通过协商解决。自然延伸是大陆架制度存在的基础，体现了天然意义的公平，应该是公平原则体系下的首要原则，因此，在非共大陆架情形下应遵循自然延伸原则。而共大陆架情形下，鉴于等距离/特殊情况规则所具有的确定性，以及等距离方法的广泛适用性，并且一系列的国际司法实践和国家实践表明在共大陆架情形下，运用等距离/特殊情况规则能够实现公平的结果，因此等距离/特殊情况规则是一项源于公平原则的具体规则。其中“特殊情况”一词不可被滥用，不能将所有的情况都列入“特殊情况”的范畴之内，“特殊情况”主要包括：地理因素、资源、经济、第三国利益等。我国在周边海域仍有相关大陆架争端未解决，这不利于我国海洋事业的发展。本文第四章则在大陆架划界公平原则体系的基础上，对我国周边海域的相关大陆架划界进行法律分析。在黄海海域应适用等距离/特殊情况规则，而在东海海域，相关大陆架划界应遵循自然延伸原则。
[Abstract]:With the development of marine technology and the provisions of the relevant conventions on the continental shelf system, the relevant countries have put forward claims to the continental shelf, the delimitation of the continental shelf disputes continue, so far there are still a large number of continental shelf boundaries have not been resolved. The controversy over the delimitation of the continental shelf focuses on the legal status and application of the principle of equity, the principle of equal distance / special circumstances, and the principle of natural extension. In the first chapter, the concept of continental shelf, the definition of continental shelf and the definition of continental shelf in relevant international conventions are briefly summarized, and the origin and focus of current controversy on continental shelf delimitation are pointed out. Through the analysis of the emergence and establishment of the principle of equity, the second chapter demonstrates that the principle of equity has become a principle of customary international law and a fundamental principle guiding the delimitation of the continental shelf. Three basic meanings of the principle of equity are discussed, that is, the result is fair, considering the relevant situation, and the method of demarcation is not mandatory. Fairness of results is the core of the principle of fairness. However, the principle of equity has excessive flexibility and uncertainty, which is not conducive to the settlement of related continental shelf delimitation disputes. The third chapter of this paper attempts to build a system of fair principles for the delimitation of the continental shelf, in order to make the principle of equity tend to be determined. Under the system of fair principle, the principle of agreement demarcation is the respect for the autonomy of the parties and the freedom of contracting. It is the meaning of fairness and accords with the spirit of the peaceful settlement of disputes in international law. Therefore, when the dispute arises, the parties should first endeavour to resolve it through negotiation. Natural extension is the foundation of the existence of continental shelf system, which embodies the fairness of natural meaning and should be the primary principle under the system of equity principle. Therefore, the natural extension principle should be followed in the case of non-common continental shelf. In the case of the common continental shelf, in view of the certainty of the isometric / exceptional case rule and the wide applicability of the isometric approach, and in the case of the common continental shelf, a series of international judicial practices and State practice show that in the case of a common continental shelf, The equal distance / special case rule can achieve the result of equity, so the equal distance / special case rule is a specific rule derived from the principle of equity. The term "special circumstances" should not be abused, and all cases should not be included in the category of "special circumstances". "special circumstances" mainly include: geographical factors, resources, economy, interests of third countries and so on. There are still some related continental shelf disputes in the surrounding sea area in China, which is unfavorable to the development of China's marine undertakings. In the fourth chapter, on the basis of the fair principle system of continental shelf delimitation, the relevant continental shelf delimitation in the surrounding sea area of China is analyzed legally. The equal distance / special case rule should be applied in the Huang Hai sea area, while in the East China Sea, the relevant continental shelf delimitation should follow the principle of natural extension.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5

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