船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 11:24

本文选题：损害赔偿责任 + 船舶碰撞　；参考：《大连海事大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任是船舶碰撞法的核心问题。本文以《船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任研究》为题,以侵权法基础理论为支撑,以我国船舶碰撞法的立法和司法实践为基础,以国外有关船舶碰撞法先进的立法理念为借鉴,以国内外有关船舶碰撞法研究的学术成果为参照,围绕着船舶碰撞的概念、归责原则、碰撞过失、因果关系、责任主体、损害赔偿等主题,对船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任这一论题进行了比较全面的理论化、系统化的研究,并针对目前我国船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任构成诸方面存在的问题与不足,提出了修改、完善的意见和建议,以求能够推动和促进我国有关船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任法律制度的建设。本文共分为5章。第1章,船舶碰撞及其损害赔偿责任概论。主要从船舶碰撞的概念、船舶碰撞侵权行为的类属、船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任的法律特性以及分类等方面,对本文所涉及的基础概念进行了阐释。重点对我国《海商法》在船舶碰撞概念界定上存在的问题进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了修改和完善的建议。第2章,船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任的归责原则。从侵权法归责原则的基础理论入手,对船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任归责原则不同的学理观点进行了考察,在此基础上,结合国际公约及各国国内法的规定,对船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任实行过失责任原则的合理性进行了分析与论证,对船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任归责中的比例过失原则的历史演进以及法理依据进行了考察与评价,并将比例过失原则与侵权法中其他相关的法律制度进行了比较与考量。第3章,船舶碰撞过失。结合船舶碰撞过失的不同理论,分析了船舶碰撞过失的概念及其特征。对于确定船舶碰撞过失的特殊规则,即船舶碰撞法律推定过失与事实推定过失原则进行了论证,特别是对于事实推定过失进行了重点论述,认为事实推定过失作为确定船舶碰撞过失的一种重要方法,我国应尽快在船舶碰撞立法中明确事实推定过失原则的适用范围与条件。并在分析、借鉴侵权法关于过失判断标准理论的基础上,归纳、总结出了判定船舶碰撞过失的一般标准与特殊标准。第4章,船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任的因果关系。首先从船舶损害赔偿因果关系的基本问题入手,对因果关系的概念与特征,因果关系中的原因与结果以及因果关系的功能进行了理论阐释；其次,借鉴两大法系,特别是英美法系有关侵权责任因果关系的基本理论成果,运用事实上的因果关系与法律上的因果关系两分法的考察模式,并分别结合其各自的判断标准,对船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任中的因果关系进行了分析与考察；最后,分析、论证了介入因素对于船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任因果关系的影响。进而在此基础上,对目前我国船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任因果关系认定中存在的问题展开分析,提出了完善我国的船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任因果关系理论的建议。第5章,船舶碰撞损害赔偿的责任主体。结合国际公约以及国内法有关确定船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任主体的规定,对现存法律体制下确定船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任主体时所体现出来的问题与不足进行了分析与检讨。根据目前我国在船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任方面的立法实际,借鉴英国、加拿大等国家在这方面成功的立法经验,从完善我国船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任立法的角度出发,认为确定船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任主体时,应遵循三个原则,即替代责任原则、管理和控制船舶原则、责任自负原则。在此基础上,运用上述原则,对海上运输过程中有可能为船舶碰撞损害承担赔偿责任的各种责任主体进行了分析与判定,继而对船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任主体的法定免责事由进行了分析。
[Abstract]:The liability of collision damage of the ship is the core issue of the collision law of the ship. This article is based on the basic theory of the tort law, based on the basic theory of the law of the collision of ships in our country, on the basis of the legislation and judicial practice of China's ship collision law, taking the advanced legislative ideas of the ship collision law abroad as the reference, and the related ships at home and abroad. On the basis of the academic achievements of the collision study, the thesis focuses on the theme of the concept of ship collision, the principle of imputation, the collision fault, the cause and effect relationship, the subject of responsibility, the compensation for damage and so on, and makes a comprehensive theoretical and systematic study on the issue of compensation liability for the collision damage of ships, and is aimed at the current compensation liability for the collision damage of ships in our country. In order to promote and promote the construction of the legal system on compensation liability for collision damage of ships in China, the problems and shortcomings exist in all aspects.
This article is divided into 5 chapters.
The first chapter, an introduction to the liability of ship collision and damage compensation, mainly from the concept of ship collision, the category of ship collision tort, the legal characteristics and classification of the liability for compensation for collision damage of ships, the basic concepts involved in this article are explained. Problems are analyzed, and suggestions for revision and improvement are put forward.
The second chapter, the principle of imputation for the liability for compensation for collision damage of ships. Starting with the basic theory of the principle of imputation of the tort law, this paper investigates the different academic views on the principle of liability attributable to the collision damage of ships. On this basis, the liability of negligence in the liability for collision damage to ships is carried out in accordance with the provisions of international conventions and domestic laws. The rationality of the rule is analyzed and demonstrated, the historical evolution and the legal basis of the principle of proportion negligence in the liability attributable to the collision damage of ships are examined and evaluated, and the principle of proportion negligence is compared with other relevant legal systems in the tort law.
The third chapter, the collision negligence of the ship. Combined with the different theories of the collision negligence of the ship, the concept and characteristics of the ship collision fault are analyzed. The special rules for determining the fault of the ship collision, that is, the principle of the legal presumption of collision and the fact presumption of fault, are demonstrated, especially on the factual presumption of fault. As an important method of determining the fault of ship collision, the fact presumption of fault is an important way to determine the fault of the ship collision. We should make clear the applicable scope and conditions of the principle of factual presumption of negligence in the legislation of ship collision as soon as possible. Standard.
The fourth chapter, the causality of the liability for damages of the ship's collision. First, it begins with the basic problems of the causality of the damage compensation of the ship, and gives a theoretical explanation of the concept and characteristics of the causality, the causes and results in the causality and the function of the causality, and secondly, for reference to the tort liability of the two legal systems, especially in the Anglo American law system. The basic theoretical results of causality, the analysis and investigation of causality in the liability of collision damage in ships are analyzed and investigated by using both the actual causality and the legal causality method and their respective standard of judgment. Finally, the paper analyzes and demonstrates the compensation for the damages of the ship collision. On the basis of this, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the determination of causality in China's ship collision damage compensation liability, and puts forward the suggestion of perfecting the theory of causality of the liability for damage compensation for ships in China.
The fifth chapter, the main body of liability for compensation for collision damage of ships. Combined with the provisions of international conventions and domestic law on determining the main body of liability for collision damage of ships, the problems and deficiencies reflected in the determination of the main body of liability for collision damage under the existing legal system are analyzed and reviewed. The legislative practice of damage compensation liability, drawing on the successful legislative experience of Britain and Canada and other countries in this respect, from the angle of perfecting the legislation of the liability for damage compensation for ship collision in our country, considers that the three principles should be followed when determining the main body of liability for collision damage in ships, that is, the principle of replacement responsibility, the principle of management and control of the ship and the responsibility of the ship. On the basis of the above principles, the principles are used to analyze and determine the various liability subjects that may be responsible for the damage of ship collision in the course of maritime transport, and then the legal exemption of the main body of the liability for the damage of the ship's collision damage is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.294

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