论我国台湾地区刑事协商制度

发布时间：2018-07-10 10:27

本文选题：台湾地区 + 认罪协商　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来，社会发展日新月异，各种社会问题层出不穷，矛盾与冲突不时发生，新型的犯罪也开始增多，所以导致世界各国的刑事审判面临巨大的压力，司法工作者们每日都要处理大量的刑事案件，法官检察官的工作负荷不减反而增加，依靠原有的普通程序与简易程序，是不能解决这些问题的。因此，上世纪八十年代初期以来，西方犯罪学界将协商和解制度引入刑事司法领域，在世界范围内提出了恢复性正义的理论，美国早在上世纪初就已经在刑事实际案例中，应用了这种协商的制度，即美国的辩诉交易制度，其他大陆法系国家也以此为鉴，建立了各国的协商性司法制度，并予以明确的立法规范。我国台湾地区也于2004年3月23日经立法院三读通过刑事诉讼法的修正草案，增订第七编之一协商程序，并于同年的4月7日公布实施。该协商程序在制定之初，关于其正当性及利弊得失，在台湾地区一直都是备受争议的议题，反对者认为，经认罪协商法的审判结果会令人质疑，对采行这种制度有很多的顾虑；而赞成该制度的台湾学者却认为即使调查全部的证据和证人，最后的审判结果也未必正确，认罪协商不仅可以节省大量时间及昂贵的司法资源，符合诉讼经济的要求，更可以针对每一个不同的被告作出最适合的刑罚，达到了刑罚的目的，顺应了当下的司法实际的需要。台湾地区的刑事诉讼法第455条之2到第455条之11，是增订的协商程序的法律条文，虽然只有短短10个条文，但却对协商程序应如何开启，程序如何进行，法院最终如何裁判等，均作出了明确的规范。对于协商适用的范围，立法中作出了界定，除死刑、无期徒刑、最少三年以上有期徒刑的犯罪或是由高等法院管辖的第一审案件外，案件都可以从检察官提起公诉开始，到第一审言辞辩论终结前，进行协商，这样明确了台湾地区的刑事协商制度的适用案件范围以及适用的阶段。这一协商程序的启动，可以完全由检察官根据案件的情况来决定，也可以依被告或者其代理人、辩护人的申请，并且启动的条件还要包括法院的同意，及被害人意见的征求。在满足上面的启动条件后，检察官才可于审判外进行协商程序，与被告达成协商合意且被告认罪的，检察官可以申请法院改依协商程序而作判决。具体的协商事项包括以下几点，一、被告表示愿意接受所处的刑罚或愿意接受缓刑的宣告。二、被告向被害人道歉。三、被告向被害人支付相当数额的赔偿金。四、被告向公库或指定的公益团体、地方自治团体支付一定的金额。虽然，该制度的建立从一定程度上顺应了世界刑事司法的发展潮流，但是台湾地区刑事协商程序的立法规定对于协商的申请主体、申请条件、适用案件类型、协商的事项等设定了诸多的限制，这对于协商程序在司法实际中的适用造成了相当程度的局限，导致台湾地区的司法实践中，协商程序的适用程度很低，所以，对于台湾地区的刑事协商制度的未来完善，应当从提升适用协商制度的意愿，提供公开透明的协商环境，采用全面强制辩护制度，改进协商程序的救济制度这几个方面来着手。我国的新审议通过的刑事诉讼法修正案，也增订了我国的刑事和解程序，但相应的规定还不是很具体，还有很多立法上的空白之处，所以，本文通过对我国台湾地区的刑事协商制度的研究，，为我国的刑事和解完善带来一些新的启示。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the social development is changing with each passing day, various social problems emerge in endlessly, contradictions and conflicts occur from time to time, and the new type of crime has also begun to increase. Therefore, the criminal trial of all countries in the world is facing enormous pressure. The judicial workers should deal with a large number of criminal cases every day. In the early 80s of last century, since the early 80s of the last century, the western criminology has introduced the system of negotiation and reconciliation into the field of criminal justice, and put forward the theory of restorative justice in the world. The United States has already applied this in the early century in criminal cases. The system of negotiation, that is, the system of plea bargaining in the United States, as well as in other continental law countries, has established a negotiated judicial system and a clear legislative norm.
In the Taiwan region of China, on 23 March 2004, the revised draft of the criminal procedure law was read through the three reading of the revised draft of the criminal procedure law by the Legislative Council on 23 March 2004, and was published in April 7th of the same year. The results of the pleadings and consultative law will be questionable and have a lot of concern for the adoption of such a system, while the Taiwan scholars in favour of the system believe that even if all the evidence and witnesses are investigated, the final result of the trial may not be correct, and the pleadings can not only save a large amount of time and expensive judicial resources, but also meet the requirements of the litigation economy. It can also make the most suitable punishment for each defendant, which achieves the purpose of punishment and conforms to the needs of the current judicial reality.
In the Taiwan area, the criminal procedure law of the Taiwan region is 2 to 455th. It is the legal provision of the amended negotiation procedure. Although there are only 10 articles, it has made clear norms on how the negotiation procedure should be opened, how the procedure is carried out, and how the court finally judges. The scope of the consultation is defined in the legislation. The death penalty, life imprisonment, the least three years of the crime of imprisonment or the first case under the jurisdiction of the high court, the case can be initiated from the prosecutor and before the end of the first trial debate, which makes it clear that the applicable scope and the applicable stage of the criminal consultation system in the Taiwan region. The initiation of a consultative procedure can be completely decided by the prosecutor in accordance with the case, or by the defendant or its agent, and the application of the defender in accordance with the defendant or its agent, and the conditions for the initiation of the prosecutor should include the consent of the court and the solicitation of the opinions of the victims. When the negotiation agrees and the defendant pleads for the crime, the prosecutor may apply to the court to make a decision in accordance with the negotiation procedure. The specific negotiation matters include the following points: first, the defendant expresses the willingness to accept the penalty or the declaration of probation. Two, the defendant apologizes to the victim. Three, the defendant is paid a considerable amount of compensation to the victim. Four, the defendant is accused of paying a considerable amount of compensation. To pay a certain sum to a public library or a designated public welfare organization or a local autonomous organization.
Although the establishment of the system has conformed to the trend of the development of criminal justice in the world to a certain extent, the legislative provisions of the criminal negotiation procedure in Taiwan have set many restrictions on the subject of the application, the application conditions, the type of application of the case, and the matters of consultation. This has resulted in the application of the negotiation procedure in the judicial practice. To a considerable extent, in the judicial practice of Taiwan, the application of the negotiation procedure is very low. Therefore, for the future improvement of the criminal consultation system in Taiwan, it is necessary to improve the willingness to apply the system of consultation, provide open and transparent consultative environment, adopt a comprehensive compulsory defense system, and improve the relief system of the negotiation procedure. Several aspects to start.
The amendment of the criminal procedure law adopted in our country's new consideration also adds to the criminal reconciliation procedure of our country, but the corresponding provisions are not very specific and there are many gaps in the legislation. Therefore, this paper brings some new enlightenment to the perfection of the criminal reconciliation in our country through the study of the criminal consultation system in the Taiwan region of China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.2;D997

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