论非政府间国际组织的法律地位

发布时间：2018-07-18 17:21

【摘要】：20世纪80年代以后，非政府间国际组织随着经济全球化的不断深入发展而在国际社会上异军突起，它们以惊人的速度在数量上、规模上以及影响力上急速发展。非政府间国际组织出现在国际舞台后就给国际社会生活的方方面面带来影响，比如它们在跨国性的人权保护问题、环境保护问题、疾病防控问题、劳工问题、妇女人口的教育问题、扶贫救济问题及军控、体育方面的相关问题都发挥了积极作用。但对于非政府间国际组织的法律地位，国际法学界并没有形成统一的意见，国际社会没有形成普遍性的国际公约对其法律地位进行规定。因而，对非政府间国际组织的法律地位进行研究就显得十分必要，这对于它们更积极地参与国际事务、在国际社会发挥重要作用具有十分重要的意义。本文将结合非政府间国际组织在国际社会的理论与实践两个方面来探讨非政府间国际组织的法律地位，全文分为四个部分。第一部分是非政府间国际组织概述，从概念、产生的背景、特征三方面来进行论述。首先，就概念而言，无论是法律学者还是相关公约、国际法律文件都没有形成统一意见，本文主要是从联合国体系内和联合国体系外两方面的相关公约以及文件来对非政府间国际组织的概念进行论述，然后论述自己的观点。其次，就非政府间国际组织产生的背景来看，涉及到西方“市民社会”知识话语体系的思想散播、全球性问题的出现、填补国际体制“民主赤字”的企求及通讯技术革命的兴起四个方面。第三，非政府间国际组织具有其自身的特征，包括独立性、公益性、组织性、非营利性及合法性。第二部分论述了国际上关于非政府间国际组织法律地位的三种纷争，包括认为其不具有国际法主体资格的否定说、认为有限具有国际法主体资格的有限肯定说以及功能性身份说。否定说认为只有国家有完全的法律人格，非政府间国际组织无论怎样发展都不能成为国际法的主体；有限肯定说认为一些非政府间国际组织在一定限度与条件下是具有国际法主体资格的；功能性身份说从非政府间国际组织对国际法的制定与国际法的实施的实际作用方面对它们的法律地位来进行实证的分析。第三部分研究非政府间国际组织的法律地位在国际社会的体现，是本文的重点，分为四个方面。首先，从相关国际公约入手，，论述非政府间国际组织法律地位在国际公约中的体现；其次，通过非政府间国际组织参与国际司法实践的大量实例来分析它们作为当事方与非当事方参与国际司法和准司法机构；再次，分析非政府间国际组织和政府间国际组织之间的合作状况；最后，分析其在国际会议中的参与情况。第四部分预测了非政府间国际组织法律地位的发展趋势。通过政府间国际组织形成其当下法律地位的启示，认为国际法主体是发展的，非政府间国际组织获得其法律地位是肯定的；通过其法律地位的国际立法尝试的相关经验的总结，认为制定普遍性国际公约来确定其法律地位是值得期待的；通过分析最后认为伴随着国际社会的发展，非政府间国际组织获得的法律地位必然是享有国际法主体资格。
[Abstract]:After 1980s, with the deepening development of the economic globalization, the non-governmental international organizations have developed rapidly in the international community. They have developed rapidly in quantity, scale and influence at an astonishing speed. The non-governmental international organizations have brought influence on all aspects of the international community after the emergence of the international organization. For example, they have played an active role in the issues of transnational human rights protection, environmental protection, disease prevention and control, labor problems, the education of women's population, poverty relief and military control, and sports related issues. However, the legal status of non-governmental international organizations has not formed a unified meaning in the international law community. See, the international community has not formed a universal international convention to stipulate its legal status. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the legal status of non-governmental international organizations, which is of great significance for them to participate more actively in international affairs and play an important role in the international community. This article will be combined with non-governmental organizations. In the two aspects of the theory and practice of the international community, the international organizations discuss the legal status of the non-governmental international organizations. The full text is divided into four parts.
The first part is an overview of intergovernmental international organizations, which are discussed from three aspects: concept, background and characteristics. First, there are no unified opinions on the international legal documents, whether they are legal scholars or relevant conventions, and this article is mainly from the two related conventions within the United Nations system and the United Nations system, as well as the relevant conventions. The paper discusses the concepts of non-governmental international organizations and then discusses their views. Secondly, it involves the spread of the knowledge discourse system of the "civil society" in the west, the emergence of the global problems, the demand for the "democratic deficit" of the Intergovernmental system and the technological revolution of communication on the background of the non-governmental international organizations. Four aspects of the rise of life. Third, intergovernmental international organizations have their own characteristics, including independence, public welfare, organization, non-profit and legitimacy.
The second part discusses three disputes about the legal status of non-governmental international organizations, including the negative theory that it does not have the subject qualification of international law, the limited affirmative theory and the functional identity that are limited with the subject qualification of international law. No matter how the organization develops, it can not be the main body of international law; it is limited to say that some non-governmental international organizations are subject to international law under certain limits and conditions; functional identity is the law of the non governmental international organizations on the practical role of international law and the implementation of international law. An empirical analysis of the status of the law.
The third part studies the embodiment of the legal status of non-governmental international organizations in the international community. It is the focus of this article and is divided into four aspects. First, from the relevant international conventions, it discusses the embodiment of the legal status of non-governmental international organizations in the international conventions; secondly, a large number of non governmental international organizations participate in international judicial practice. Examples are given to analyze their participation as parties and non parties involved in international judicial and quasi judicial institutions, and again, to analyze the cooperation between non-governmental international organizations and intergovernmental international organizations; and finally, to analyze their participation in international conferences.
The fourth part predicts the development trend of the legal status of intergovernmental international organizations. Through the revelation of the present legal status of intergovernmental international organizations, it is believed that the subject of international law is developed and the non intergovernmental international organizations are affirmed by the legal status of the intergovernmental international organizations; and the relevant experience of the international legislative attempt by its legal position is summed up, It is believed that it is worthwhile to establish a universal international convention to determine its legal status. Through the analysis, the legal status obtained by the non-governmental international organizations is bound to be the subject of international law as a result of the development of the international community.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.9

【参考文献】