国际法框架下的南极旅游相关法律问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 08:03
【摘要】：南极大陆拥有丰富的自然资源、独特的自然景观,其极端的自然环境使之成为地球上人类发现、开发及受影响最晚的大陆,近年来在科技条件逐渐成熟及人类消费需求提高的情况下,前往南极旅行的人数迅速增长,也造就国际南极旅游组织协会(International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators IAATO)与相关国际自治组织的兴起;同时,在1959年《南极条约》、1991年《关于环境保护的南极条约议定书》等条约和文件的限制下,南极旅游受到一定的约束。然而这些条约本身对于南极旅游议题的规定有所欠缺,导致其在执法权和执法力度上有所缺憾,再加上国内研究多局限于从旅游规划和旅游管理角度出发,对南极旅游前景进行设想或介绍,法律规范构建之议题尚属阙如。故本研究以南极旅游所面临的国际法问题为导向,简析南极旅游业相关组织现况及法律问题,并探讨人类活动对南极生态的影响以及在目前国际法框架下对该类行为该如何规制。再以曾经对南极部分地区提出过主权主张的三个典型的南极旅游业国家澳大利亚、英国及智利所订定的相关国内法为例,探讨中国在南极旅游国内法层面的相关制度及法律构建问题。最后针对本国涉及南极旅游相关立法和管理组织、发展南极旅游业的必要性及南极旅游国内立法三个面项,进行分析并提出立法完善建议。
[Abstract]:The Antarctic continent is rich in natural resources and unique natural landscapes, and its extreme natural environment makes it the last continent on earth to be discovered, exploited and affected by human beings. The rapid growth in the number of people travelling to the South Pole in recent years with the maturing of science and technology and the increasing demand for human consumption has also contributed to the emergence of the International Association of Antarctica Tour operators IAATO and related international autonomous organizations. Antarctic tourism is bound by treaties and documents such as the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and 1991 Antarctic Treaty Protocol on Environmental Protection. However, these treaties themselves lack provisions on Antarctic tourism issues, resulting in deficiencies in their enforcement powers and enforcement efforts, coupled with the fact that domestic research is mostly limited to tourism planning and tourism management. The prospect of Antarctic tourism is envisaged or introduced, and the topic of legal norm construction is still absent. Therefore, based on the problems of international law faced by Antarctic tourism, this study briefly analyzes the current situation and legal problems of Antarctic tourism related organizations. The effects of human activities on Antarctic ecology and how to regulate such behaviors under the framework of current international law are also discussed. Take for example the relevant domestic laws enacted by Australia, the United Kingdom and Chile, three typical Antarctic tourism countries that have claimed sovereignty over parts of the Antarctic. This paper probes into the system and legal construction of China's domestic law on Antarctic tourism. In the end, this paper analyzes the necessity of developing Antarctic tourism and the domestic legislation of Antarctic tourism, and puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the legislation in view of the related legislation and management organization of Antarctic tourism in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5
[Abstract]:The Antarctic continent is rich in natural resources and unique natural landscapes, and its extreme natural environment makes it the last continent on earth to be discovered, exploited and affected by human beings. The rapid growth in the number of people travelling to the South Pole in recent years with the maturing of science and technology and the increasing demand for human consumption has also contributed to the emergence of the International Association of Antarctica Tour operators IAATO and related international autonomous organizations. Antarctic tourism is bound by treaties and documents such as the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and 1991 Antarctic Treaty Protocol on Environmental Protection. However, these treaties themselves lack provisions on Antarctic tourism issues, resulting in deficiencies in their enforcement powers and enforcement efforts, coupled with the fact that domestic research is mostly limited to tourism planning and tourism management. The prospect of Antarctic tourism is envisaged or introduced, and the topic of legal norm construction is still absent. Therefore, based on the problems of international law faced by Antarctic tourism, this study briefly analyzes the current situation and legal problems of Antarctic tourism related organizations. The effects of human activities on Antarctic ecology and how to regulate such behaviors under the framework of current international law are also discussed. Take for example the relevant domestic laws enacted by Australia, the United Kingdom and Chile, three typical Antarctic tourism countries that have claimed sovereignty over parts of the Antarctic. This paper probes into the system and legal construction of China's domestic law on Antarctic tourism. In the end, this paper analyzes the necessity of developing Antarctic tourism and the domestic legislation of Antarctic tourism, and puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the legislation in view of the related legislation and management organization of Antarctic tourism in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5
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