WTO与IMF框架下人民币汇率与反补贴研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 09:45

【摘要】：众所周知，汇率是国际经济实体间在日益扩大的频繁交往中形成的，而汇率制度是确定一国货币与他国货币比价的方法。汇率安排具有汇率主权原则，是一国在遵守国际法规则下的货币主权，通国内法律来确定本国货币对另一国货币的比价。从2002开始至今，人民币汇率问题成为中国与西方国家关注的核心问题，美国等西方国家指责中国人民币汇率违背国际法义务，，认为汇率存在贸易补贴而意图引入到WTO争端诉讼中，进而逼迫人民币迅速升值。从国际法层面来看，对人民币汇率的指责主要从以下两个方面展开:一是指责人民币汇率存在严重低估，违反WTO《补贴与反补贴协定》给中国出口商品提供补贴；二是指责中国违反《IMF协定》，操纵人民币汇率从而引起外部不稳定。本文首先从中国对外贸易长期顺差的大背景下，引出西方国家指责人民币低估补贴出口论。其次，从理论上先分析汇率和贸易之间的关系，同时汇率本质又具有一种国家主权属性。在这些理论分析基础上，通过国际两种主要的汇率估算方法所得的结果，分析人民币汇率估算标准问题。随后，假设即使人民币汇率存在低估的情况，根据对WTO协议中的反补贴相关条款进行分析后得出即使人民币汇率低估也仍然不适用WTO协议中的反补贴条款。最后，对人民币汇率存在汇率操纵和根本性失调论进行分析，从而得出在现有IMF框架下人民币现有汇率的合法性结论。综上论述，认为在现有规则下，人民币汇率是符合IMF和WTO框架体系规格的。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the exchange rate is formed in the increasingly frequent exchanges among international economic entities, and the exchange rate system is a method to determine the value of a country's currency compared with other countries' currencies. Exchange rate arrangement has the principle of exchange rate sovereignty. It is the currency sovereignty of a country under the rules of international law, which determines the value of its currency to another country's currency through domestic laws. Since 2002, the issue of RMB exchange rate has become the core concern of China and western countries. The United States and other western countries have accused China of violating its obligations under international law. It is believed that there is a trade subsidy in the exchange rate, which is intended to be introduced into WTO dispute litigation, thus forcing the RMB to appreciate rapidly. From the perspective of international law, the criticism of RMB exchange rate is mainly carried out from the following two aspects: one is to accuse the RMB exchange rate of being seriously undervalued, which violates the WTO Agreement on subsidies and countervailing to subsidize China's export commodities; Second, China is accused of violating the IMF agreement and manipulating the RMB exchange rate, thus causing external instability. Under the background of China's long-term trade surplus, this paper first draws the theory of western countries accusing the RMB of undersubsidising exports. Secondly, the relationship between exchange rate and trade is analyzed theoretically, and the nature of exchange rate has a national sovereignty attribute. On the basis of these theoretical analyses, this paper analyzes the standard of RMB exchange rate estimation through the results of two main international exchange rate estimation methods. Then, even if the RMB exchange rate is undervalued, based on the analysis of the countervailing clauses in the WTO agreement, it is concluded that even if the RMB exchange rate is undervalued, the countervailing clause in the WTO agreement will not be applied. Finally, the author analyzes the theory of exchange rate manipulation and fundamental misadjustment of RMB exchange rate, and draws the conclusion of validity of RMB exchange rate under the existing IMF framework. In summary, it is concluded that under the existing rules, RMB exchange rate is in accordance with the IMF and WTO framework system specifications.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

【相似文献】