国际贸易与人权问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 16:43

【摘要】：国际贸易与人权的关系问题由来已久,早在古罗马时代的奴隶制度下,奴隶贸易的开展就体现了贸易发展和人权保护之间的冲突。第二次世界大战之后国际人权与贸易发展分别进入制度性阶段,其主要代表机制分别是二战后建立的联合国体制和关税与贸易总协定。在全球化的背景下,GATT发展成为WTO多边贸易体制。凭借强有力的争端解决机制和多边谈判的方式,国际贸易在WTO多边体制下获得了长足的发展,其与国际人权体制下的人权保护之间的冲突也日益明显。如何协调两者之间的关系问题,在国际社会受到广泛关注。加入世界贸易组织十年的时间里,我国已经发展成为主要的世界贸易大国,然而长期以来也是人权贸易措施滥用行为的受害者,研究国际贸易与人权之间的关系对于我国对外贸易与人权的发展具有现实意义。本文主要分为五个部分: 第一章考察了贸易和人权关系的历史,分析早年违反人权的贸易做法,介绍19世纪借助贸易手段废除奴隶制和奴隶买卖的经验,以及导致第二次世界大战爆发的经济和贸易因素;阐述国际贸易与人权之间冲突的历史,协调的尝试及对当代的启示。第二章主要介绍了国际贸易与人权之间的链接。此部分详细介绍了两者之间的价值链接——自由;人权在GATT/WTO体系中的地位;进而指出影响贸易发展的四个主要的人权规则,即健康权、劳工权、环境权和发展权。第三章论述贸易规则与人权规则在直接目标、法律制定的过程与方式、权利与义务的内容以及执行与实施的机制四个方面的差异,进而探究制度差异的内在冲突本性、制度冲突的外在表现、制度性冲突的影响等。第四章分析西方学者有关调和贸易与人权冲突的传统理论(如效率优先论、人权优先论、例外平衡论和WTO立宪论)。探讨人权规则与WTO规则的位阶、人权规则有无强行法属性,提出了协调国际贸易与人权之间冲突的方法。第五章介绍了我国对外贸易与人权发展的概况,以及在发展过程中所遇到的问题,最后指出相应的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The relationship between international trade and human rights has a long history. As early as the ancient Roman era of slavery, the development of the slave trade reflected the conflict between the development of trade and the protection of human rights. After the second World War, the development of international human rights and trade entered into the institutional stage respectively, its main representative mechanism was the United Nations system and the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade established after the second World War. Under the background of globalization, GATT has developed into the multilateral trading system of WTO. With the help of strong dispute settlement mechanism and multilateral negotiation, international trade has made great progress under the multilateral system of WTO, and the conflict between international trade and the protection of human rights under the international human rights system is becoming increasingly obvious. How to coordinate the relationship between the two has received extensive attention in the international community. In the ten years of China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has developed into a major trading power in the world. However, it has long been a victim of abuse of human rights trade measures. The study of the relationship between international trade and human rights is of practical significance to the development of China's foreign trade and human rights. This paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter examines the history of the relationship between trade and human rights, analyzes the trade practices that violated human rights in the early years, and introduces the experiences of abolishing slavery and the slave trade by means of trade in the 19th century. And the economic and trade factors that led to the outbreak of the second World War, the history of the conflict between international trade and human rights, the attempt of coordination and the enlightenment to the present. The second chapter mainly introduces the link between international trade and human rights. This part introduces in detail the value link between them-freedom, the status of human rights in the GATT/WTO system, and then points out the four main human rights rules that affect the development of trade, namely, the right to health, the right to labor, the right to environment and the right to development. The third chapter discusses the differences between trade rules and human rights rules in four aspects: the direct goal, the process and way of making laws, the content of rights and obligations, and the mechanism of enforcement and enforcement, and then probes into the inherent conflict nature of institutional differences. The external manifestation of institutional conflict, the influence of institutional conflict and so on. The fourth chapter analyzes the traditional theories of Western scholars on reconciling trade and human rights conflict (such as efficiency priority, human rights priority, exception balance and WTO constitutionalism). This paper probes into the rank of human rights rules and WTO rules, whether human rights rules have the attribute of jus cogens, and puts forward a method to coordinate the conflicts between international trade and human rights. Chapter five introduces the general situation of the development of foreign trade and human rights in China, and the problems encountered in the process of development, and finally points out the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D998.2

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