贸易与环境保护的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 18:21

【摘要】：经济全球化的推进加快了贸易自由化的发展,而贸易自由化的发展又更加促进了各国产品在世界范围内的广泛流通。一方面,这在一定程度上加快了世界各国的经济发展、优化了全球的资源配置,而另一方面,贸易导致的环境污染问题也越来越成为国际社会所关注的焦点话题。由于贸易的自由化,一国可以自由地在世界范围内进口本国所需要的产品,也可以将本国的产品出口到其他各个国家和地区。表面上看,贸易是优化全球资源配置、增加社会财富、推动国际经济发展和国际文化交流的动力,与环境并没有必然联系,但从实际来看,目前诸多的环境问题却与贸易有着直接或间接的关系。而随着这种关系的日益密切,限制贸易的环境保护措施也逐渐成为国际社会解决贸易污染环境问题的主要手段。这在一定程度上确实有利于环境保护,有效避免了贸易中的环境污染问题,但随之而来的就是“绿色壁垒”的广泛出现。在贸易与环境问题中“绿色壁垒”不仅严重阻碍贸易的健康发展,也不利于根本上解决贸易过程中的环境污染问题。因此,随着贸易自由化的发展和环境保护热潮的高涨,贸易与环境保护问题将会越来越突出,二者之间的冲突也将越来越明显。根据WTO统计,2008年我国全球贸易排名已跃居世界第三位。作为一个发展中国家,我国已经成为了一个贸易大国,大量的国外产品将通过贸易进入到我国,而我国的资源也会通过贸易出口到世界各国。但目前,很多发达国家为了避免本国环境的污染,利用其经济、技术、资金等优势,将重污染企业纷纷转移到我国境内,通过贸易从我国大量进口生产过程对环境造成不利影响的各种产品,并以此来实现贸易利益和环境利益。而对于我国来说,一些贸易商为了获得更多的出口利润,不惜付出污染环境的代价来大量生产国外所需要的产品,在获得了巨额利润的同时也对我国环境造成了严重的污染和破坏。随着我国贸易的不断发展,我国环境所面临的挑战和压力也将越来越大。正确把握我国贸易发展和环境保护之间的关系,解决贸易与环境之间的冲突,已是我国目前所必须面对的重要问题。因此,在贸易和环境保护这两种利益的冲突下,如何在当前国际形势和我国实际情况下采取有效的应对措施,解决我国贸易与环境保护问题将是关系到我国实现长久经济发展和保持良好环境的重要课题。本文将从贸易与环境保护的关系入手,找到二者的冲突及其原因,然后归纳和评价国际社会对贸易与环境保护问题的立法规定,并分析目前的发展趋势,结合我国贸易和环境保护的国内立法现状,最终提出我国应对贸易与环境保护问题的立法建议,为我国贸易与环境保护问题的研究提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:The development of economic globalization accelerates the development of trade liberalization, and the development of trade liberalization promotes the wide circulation of products in the world. On the one hand, it accelerates the economic development of the world to a certain extent and optimizes the global resource allocation. On the other hand, the environmental pollution caused by trade has become the focus of attention of the international community. Due to the liberalization of trade, a country can freely import its own products from all over the world, or export its products to other countries and regions. On the face of it, trade is the driving force for optimizing global resource allocation, increasing social wealth, promoting international economic development and international cultural exchange, and is not necessarily related to the environment, but from a practical point of view, At present, many environmental problems have direct or indirect relationship with trade. With the development of this relationship, the environmental protection measures which restrict trade gradually become the main means to solve the problem of trade pollution in the international community. To a certain extent, it is beneficial to environmental protection and effectively avoids the environmental pollution in trade, but followed by the widespread emergence of "green barriers". In trade and environment, "green barrier" not only seriously hinders the healthy development of trade, but also is unfavorable to solving the problem of environmental pollution in the course of trade. Therefore, with the development of trade liberalization and the upsurge of environmental protection, the problems of trade and environmental protection will become more and more prominent, and the conflict between them will become more and more obvious. According to WTO statistics, China's global trade ranking has leapt to the third place in the world in 2008. As a developing country, China has become a big trading country, a large number of foreign products will enter our country through trade, and our resources will be exported to the world through trade. But at present, in order to avoid environmental pollution in their own countries, many developed countries have used their economic, technological and financial advantages to transfer heavily polluted enterprises to our country one after another. In order to realize the benefits of trade and environment, a large number of products are imported from China through trade, which have adverse effects on the environment. For our country, in order to obtain more export profits, some traders pay the cost of polluting the environment to mass produce products needed abroad. At the same time, it has caused serious pollution and damage to the environment of our country. With the development of our country's trade, our country's environment will face more and more challenges and pressures. To correctly grasp the relationship between trade development and environmental protection and to resolve the conflict between trade and environment is an important problem that our country must face at present. Therefore, in the conflict of interests between trade and environmental protection, how to take effective countermeasures in the current international situation and in the actual situation of our country, To solve the problems of trade and environmental protection in China will be an important issue related to the realization of long-term economic development and the maintenance of a good environment in China. Starting with the relationship between trade and environmental protection, this paper will find out the conflict between the two and their causes, and then summarize and evaluate the international legislation on trade and environmental protection, and analyze the current development trend. Combined with the current situation of domestic legislation on trade and environmental protection in China, this paper finally puts forward some legislative suggestions to deal with the problems of trade and environmental protection, which provides a new way of thinking for the study of trade and environmental protection in China.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996;D922.68;D922.295

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