信用证欺诈例外原则在我国的适用问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-04 21:41
【摘要】：信用证是国际贸易结算的一种方式，在国际贸易中被广泛使用，被誉为“国际商业的生命线”。但由于信用证与生俱来的机制漏洞催生了信用证欺诈行为，对当今的国际贸易的安全造成了重大的威胁，在国际经济交往日益密切的今天，如何保障交易安全，如何防止欺诈已成为国际社会迫切需要解决的问题。本文拟对信用证欺诈例外原则的适用问题进行研究，先从信用证欺诈产生的背景及理论框架入手，通过比较研究中国与国外主要国家对欺诈例外原则的立法及司法实践，对我国出台的司法解释《关于审理信用证纠纷案件若干问题的规定》试着作出评析，在此基础上结合该司法解释的缺陷及审判实践中遇到的问题，从立法及司法角度提出具体的建议。 在结构上，文章共分为三个章节： 第一章是对信用证欺诈及欺诈例外原则概述，先回顾了信用证欺诈的产生原因，信用证欺诈是信用证独立抽象原则的产物。通过对国际上信用证欺诈规定现状分析，结合信用证欺诈的特点及国内法律对欺诈的界定，得出信用证欺诈的定义，接下来在前文基础上对欺诈例外原则做了介绍，主要引述了一个里程碑式的案例及论述了其历史意义。最后比较详细的介绍了国外对欺诈例外原则的规定，比较分析了主要英美法系国家和大陆法系国家对该原则的立法及司法现状，为下文所提建议作了铺垫。 第二章着重阐述了欺诈例外原则在我国的实践及存在的问题。先是简单介绍了司法解释出台以前我国对信用证欺诈的相关规定性文件，，再通过对典型案例的剖析，证实了这些文件无法满足审判实务之需，因此2005年最高人民法院出台了一部专门针对信用证审判实务的司法解释，即《关于审理信用证纠纷案件若干问题的规定》（简称《规定》），在简单介绍《规定》的法条原文后，进一步分析了其进步意义及不足之处。虽然《规定》对欺诈的认定与诉讼程序问题都有涉及，但审判实践中依然有很多问题是《规定》所不能解决的，本章最后一节对审判实践中信用证欺诈例外的适用所存在的问题作了总结。 第三章主要内容是反信用证欺诈的法律建议。基于第一章论证了英美法系的对欺诈例外的立法的成功之处，第二章论证了我国信用证欺诈的法律现状，本章正是建立在前两章论述的基础上，从立法及司法两方面提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:Letter of credit is a way to settle international trade. It is widely used in international trade and is called "lifeline of international commerce". However, because of the inherent loopholes in the mechanism of letters of credit, the fraud of letters of credit has been spawned, which poses a great threat to the security of international trade today. How to ensure the security of transactions in today's increasingly close international economic exchanges? How to prevent fraud has become an urgent problem to be solved by the international community. This paper intends to study the application of the fraud exception principle of letters of credit, starting with the background and theoretical framework of the fraud, and through the comparative study of the legislation and judicial practice of the fraud exception principle between China and other major countries abroad. In this paper, the author tries to comment on the judicial interpretation of "some problems in handling the dispute cases of letters of credit" issued by our country. On this basis, it combines the defects of the judicial interpretation and the problems encountered in the trial practice. Put forward the concrete suggestion from the angle of legislation and judicature. In structure, the article is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is an overview of fraud and fraud exception principle, first reviewed the causes of letter of credit fraud, letter of credit fraud is the product of the abstract principle of letter of credit. Through the analysis of the current situation of the fraud regulation of the international letter of credit, combined with the characteristics of the fraud of the letter of credit and the definition of fraud in the domestic law, the definition of fraud of the letter of credit is obtained, and then the principle of the exception of fraud is introduced on the basis of the above. This paper mainly cites a landmark case and discusses its historical significance. At last, it introduces the provisions of the principle of fraud exception in foreign countries, compares and analyzes the legislative and judicial status of the principle in the major common law countries and the countries of the continental law system, and paves the way for the suggestions made below. The second chapter focuses on the practice and problems of the principle of fraud exception in our country. First of all, the paper briefly introduces the relevant documents about the fraud of letter of credit in our country before the introduction of the judicial interpretation, and then through the analysis of the typical cases, it proves that these documents can not meet the needs of the trial practice. Therefore, in 2005, the Supreme people's Court issued a judicial interpretation specifically aimed at the practice of the trial of letters of credit, that is, the provisions on the trial of dispute cases of letters of credit (referred to as "regulations"). After a brief introduction of the original articles of the "regulations", Further analysis of its progressive significance and shortcomings. Although the determination of fraud and procedural issues are involved in the "stipulation", there are still many problems that can not be solved in the trial practice. The last section of this chapter summarizes the problems existing in the application of the fraud exception in the trial practice. The third chapter is the main content of anti-letter of credit fraud legal advice. Based on the first chapter, the author demonstrates the success of the legislation of fraud exception in Anglo-American law system, the second chapter demonstrates the present situation of the fraud of letter of credit in our country, and this chapter is based on the first two chapters. Some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of legislation and judicature.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996;F740.4
本文编号：2165248
[Abstract]:Letter of credit is a way to settle international trade. It is widely used in international trade and is called "lifeline of international commerce". However, because of the inherent loopholes in the mechanism of letters of credit, the fraud of letters of credit has been spawned, which poses a great threat to the security of international trade today. How to ensure the security of transactions in today's increasingly close international economic exchanges? How to prevent fraud has become an urgent problem to be solved by the international community. This paper intends to study the application of the fraud exception principle of letters of credit, starting with the background and theoretical framework of the fraud, and through the comparative study of the legislation and judicial practice of the fraud exception principle between China and other major countries abroad. In this paper, the author tries to comment on the judicial interpretation of "some problems in handling the dispute cases of letters of credit" issued by our country. On this basis, it combines the defects of the judicial interpretation and the problems encountered in the trial practice. Put forward the concrete suggestion from the angle of legislation and judicature. In structure, the article is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is an overview of fraud and fraud exception principle, first reviewed the causes of letter of credit fraud, letter of credit fraud is the product of the abstract principle of letter of credit. Through the analysis of the current situation of the fraud regulation of the international letter of credit, combined with the characteristics of the fraud of the letter of credit and the definition of fraud in the domestic law, the definition of fraud of the letter of credit is obtained, and then the principle of the exception of fraud is introduced on the basis of the above. This paper mainly cites a landmark case and discusses its historical significance. At last, it introduces the provisions of the principle of fraud exception in foreign countries, compares and analyzes the legislative and judicial status of the principle in the major common law countries and the countries of the continental law system, and paves the way for the suggestions made below. The second chapter focuses on the practice and problems of the principle of fraud exception in our country. First of all, the paper briefly introduces the relevant documents about the fraud of letter of credit in our country before the introduction of the judicial interpretation, and then through the analysis of the typical cases, it proves that these documents can not meet the needs of the trial practice. Therefore, in 2005, the Supreme people's Court issued a judicial interpretation specifically aimed at the practice of the trial of letters of credit, that is, the provisions on the trial of dispute cases of letters of credit (referred to as "regulations"). After a brief introduction of the original articles of the "regulations", Further analysis of its progressive significance and shortcomings. Although the determination of fraud and procedural issues are involved in the "stipulation", there are still many problems that can not be solved in the trial practice. The last section of this chapter summarizes the problems existing in the application of the fraud exception in the trial practice. The third chapter is the main content of anti-letter of credit fraud legal advice. Based on the first chapter, the author demonstrates the success of the legislation of fraud exception in Anglo-American law system, the second chapter demonstrates the present situation of the fraud of letter of credit in our country, and this chapter is based on the first two chapters. Some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of legislation and judicature.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996;F740.4
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