论生物贸易的国际法规制

发布时间：2018-08-05 11:19

【摘要】：生物贸易是在联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)提出的概念,是指奖励国际贸易的参加者,通过经济、贸易和类似刺激措施来实现生物多样性保持和可持续利用的贸易方式。除了前言和结语,本文共分为四个部分：第一部分简要分析国际贸易和生物多样性的相互影响。自由贸易的快速发展引起的生物资源的大量消耗给生物多样性的保护带来了严重威胁,而对生物多样性的一些保护措施则在某种程度上限制了自.由贸易的发展。这两种极端保护行为都会阻碍人类社会的可持续发展。生物贸易就是在人类社会可持续发展要求下提出的。第二部分对生物贸易这一新概念进行了理论分析。从定义、经济学分析和基本原则三方面进行细致论述。本部分从不同角度对生物贸易的定义进行阐述,并借用“经济人”理论、博弈论对生物贸易进行经济学理论分析,论证生物贸易的必要性及可行性。结合当前生物贸易现有的参考资料和基本特点,主要论述了可持续发展原则、预防原则和国际合作三个基本原则。生物贸易的基础理论是生物贸易立法和实践的基础。生物贸易目前虽无直接立法,但在国际上已有诸多相关规定,第三部分对这些相关规定进行了分析。列举了当前与生物贸易相关的国际立法：GATT的一般例外,《生物多样性公约》、《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》、《技术性贸易壁垒协议》,《实施动植物卫生检疫措施协议》。并从生态补偿和生态产品认证计划方面简要论述了生物贸易的实践。最后,根据上述理论和实践,从尚未形成有机协调体系、立法的超前性、国家利益的矛盾以及软法的弱法律效力方面论述了目前生物贸易国际法规制中存在的问题第四部分针对第三部分指出的现有生物贸易国际立法中存在的问题,从加强国际合作,促进公约的协调,加强执行机制,鼓励自愿措施和确立国际标准和认证方面的完善建议进行论述。
[Abstract]:BioTrade is a concept put forward by the (UNCTAD) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. It refers to the trade mode that rewards the participants in international trade and realizes the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity through economic, trade and similar incentives. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is a brief analysis of the interaction between international trade and biodiversity. With the rapid development of free trade, the huge consumption of biological resources has brought serious threat to the protection of biodiversity, and some measures to protect biodiversity have restricted the self-protection to a certain extent. By the development of trade. Both of these extreme protective actions will hinder the sustainable development of human society. Biological trade is put forward under the request of sustainable development of human society. The second part makes a theoretical analysis of the new concept of BioTrade. From the definition, the economic analysis and the basic principle three aspects carries on the detailed elaboration. This part expounds the definition of biotrade from different angles, and uses the theory of "economic man" and game theory to analyze the economic theory of biotrade, and proves the necessity and feasibility of biotrade. Combined with the current reference materials and basic characteristics of biotrade, this paper mainly discusses three basic principles of sustainable development, prevention and international cooperation. The basic theory of biotrade is the basis of the legislation and practice of biotrade. Although there is no direct legislation at present, there are many relevant regulations in the world. The third part analyzes these regulations. The general exceptions of the current international legislation related to biological trade, namely, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade and the Agreement on the implementation of Sanitary and Quarantine measures, are listed. The practice of biotrade is briefly discussed from the aspects of ecological compensation and ecological product certification plan. Finally, according to the above theory and practice, the organic coordination system has never been formed. The contradiction of national interests and the weak legal effect of soft law discuss the problems existing in the regulation of international law on biotrade at present. The fourth part points out the problems existing in the existing international legislation on biotrade in view of the third part. It is discussed in terms of strengthening international cooperation, promoting coordination of conventions, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, encouraging voluntary measures and improving proposals for establishing international standards and certification.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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