碳关税在WTO法律框架下的合法性研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 06:47
【摘要】：2009年6月,美国众议院通过了《美国清洁能源与安全法案》(American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009)。国际社会对于该法案中关于“碳关税”的立法反响强烈。虽然该法案最终没有被接纳为正式的法律并实施,但也影响巨大,预示了欧盟及美国在未来可能采取的单边的迫使发展中国家减排的措施。我们在积极质疑和反对碳关税的同时,更应该积极地研究碳关税在WTO法律框架下的合法性,并积极地开展国际对话和谈判,讨论应对措施。 文章选取了两种角度对碳关税的合法性进行了分析:对一般意义上的碳关税措施是否存在符合WTO规则的可能性以及具体的碳关税立法议案的具体条款是否符合WTO规则。并得出结论:对于一般意义上的碳关税而言,虽然与现有WTO边境税收调节规则存在潜在冲突,但却与GATT第20条是相符的,可以通过WTO的环境例外获得豁免,具有WTO法律框架下的合法性。但对于具体的碳关税措施,如利伯曼-华纳法案,其碳关税立法的具体条款与GATT的国民待遇原则及最惠国待遇原则不符,与现有的WTO规则是相冲突的。
[Abstract]:In June 2009, the US House of Representatives passed the Clean Energy and Security Act (American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009). The international community reacted strongly to the bill's legislation on carbon tariffs. Although the bill was not eventually accepted as a formal law and implemented, it also had a huge impact, heralding future unilateral efforts by the European Union and the United States to force developing countries to cut emissions. While actively questioning and opposing carbon tariffs, we should also actively study the legitimacy of carbon tariffs under the legal framework of WTO, and actively engage in international dialogue and negotiations to discuss measures to deal with them. This paper analyzes the legality of carbon tariff from two aspects: the possibility of whether the carbon tariff measures conform to the WTO rules in general sense and whether the specific provisions of the specific carbon tariff legislation accord with the WTO rules. It is concluded that for carbon tariffs in the general sense, although there is a potential conflict with the existing WTO border tax regulation rules, it is consistent with Article 20 of GATT and can be exempted through the environmental exception of WTO. It has the legitimacy under the legal framework of WTO. However, for specific carbon tariff measures, such as Lieberman-Warner Act, the specific provisions of its carbon tariff legislation are inconsistent with the principle of GATT's national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment, and conflict with the existing WTO rules.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996
本文编号：2169213
[Abstract]:In June 2009, the US House of Representatives passed the Clean Energy and Security Act (American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009). The international community reacted strongly to the bill's legislation on carbon tariffs. Although the bill was not eventually accepted as a formal law and implemented, it also had a huge impact, heralding future unilateral efforts by the European Union and the United States to force developing countries to cut emissions. While actively questioning and opposing carbon tariffs, we should also actively study the legitimacy of carbon tariffs under the legal framework of WTO, and actively engage in international dialogue and negotiations to discuss measures to deal with them. This paper analyzes the legality of carbon tariff from two aspects: the possibility of whether the carbon tariff measures conform to the WTO rules in general sense and whether the specific provisions of the specific carbon tariff legislation accord with the WTO rules. It is concluded that for carbon tariffs in the general sense, although there is a potential conflict with the existing WTO border tax regulation rules, it is consistent with Article 20 of GATT and can be exempted through the environmental exception of WTO. It has the legitimacy under the legal framework of WTO. However, for specific carbon tariff measures, such as Lieberman-Warner Act, the specific provisions of its carbon tariff legislation are inconsistent with the principle of GATT's national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment, and conflict with the existing WTO rules.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996
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