国际航运业反垄断豁免制度研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 09:07
【摘要】： 竞争与垄断是经济学重要的一组概念。大量的经济学理论对这组概念进行阐述。市场结构是复杂的,现实中,完全竞争的市场是不可能存在的,而竞争与垄断是相互存在的。竞争与垄断也是两面性的。正如过度的竞争会带来市场的无序;垄断也是具有其积极的一面。法律以经济为基础,一定的经济理论总是会影响作为上层建筑的法律。国际航运业的反垄断豁免制度以国际航运业为基础,深受着国际航运业的影响。 无论是传统的航运大国,还是现代的航运强国,都对重要支柱产业的国际航运业建立了反垄断豁免制度。垄断具有积极方面的意义,这也正是反垄断豁免存在的逻辑基础。事物总是具有两面性的,垄断也是积极与消极的结合体。反垄断应该是反对垄断的消极方面的。因此,对比权衡垄断的积极效果与消极效果,当垄断可以满足使人们获得更多的利益时,我们就可以适用反垄断豁免制度。国际航运业的反垄断豁免制度历史久远,其存在的必要性和价值一直备受争议。当前,公用事业解除规制的趋势下,我们更应该理解这种制度的价值,以确定是否确立该制度。 本文共3万4千字,除引言外,共分为五个部分。 引言是国际航运业的基本情况概述,主要论述国际航运业的特点及班轮运输市场上的主体。 第一部分是关于美国、欧盟及我国反垄断和反垄断豁免一般规定的论述。由于国际航运业反垄断豁免制度是反垄断豁免在国际航运业中的重要体现。因此本部分介绍美国反垄断法中的本身违法原则和合理原则以及欧盟条约第81条(3)等反垄断豁免的一般规定。 第二部分是关于国际航运业反垄断豁免制度的论述。反垄断是一般,反垄断豁免是例外。作为例外的国际航运业反垄断豁免制度包括实质的判断标准和形式的程序条件。只有符合法定的条件的行为才能构成有限豁免。美国是现代的航运强国,欧盟中有许多国家是传统的航运强国,因此,本部分专门介绍该两大体系的国际航运业反垄断豁免制度。 第三部分论述国际航运业反垄断豁免制度与一般反垄断豁免制度的区别与联系。国际航运业反垄断豁免制度体现了一般反垄断豁免制度的原则,但两者在价值、手段、立法规定等方面均有所不同。 第四部分是关于国际航运业的反垄断豁免制度的价值分析。从社会、经济方面来解析国际航运业的反垄断豁免制度,指出国际航运业反垄断豁免制度是满足社会层面、经济层面的需求。该部分特别指出国际航运业反垄断豁免制度体现了国际航运业的经济学特点。国际航运业反垄断豁免制度是多方利益协调结果。该制度的建立是立法机构在考虑了班轮公司和托运人的利益及整个行业的发展所得出的结果,本身内含经济、社会等多方面的因素。 第五部分论述当前国际上存在解除规制的趋势以及在这种趋势下国际航运业的反垄断豁免制度的发展。市场失灵和政府失灵理论说明市场机制和政府规制两者的缺陷,国际航运业应该在主管机构、规制手段等方面来协调两种机制,以利于国际航运业的发展。该部分还提出我国国际航运业反垄断豁免制度应该明确豁免范围、协调规制机关的职责等建议。
[Abstract]:Competition and monopoly are an important group of concepts in economics. A large number of economic theories explain the concept. The market structure is complex. In reality, a completely competitive market is impossible, and competition and monopoly exist. Competition and monopoly are two sides. Just as excessive competition will bring the disorder of the market; the monopoly is a monopoly. A certain economic theory, based on the economy, will always affect the law of the superstructure. The antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry is based on the international shipping industry and is deeply influenced by the international shipping industry.
Both the traditional shipping and the modern shipping powers have established an antitrust exemption system for the international shipping industry of the important pillar industries. Monopolies have positive significance. This is the logical basis for the existence of antitrust exemptions. Things are always dual, and monopoly is a positive and negative combination. It is against the negative aspects of monopoly. Therefore, comparing the positive and negative effects of monopoly, when monopoly can satisfy people to gain more interests, we can apply the system of antitrust exemption. The antitrust exemption system of international shipping industry has long been a long history, and the necessity and value of its existence have always been controversial. Under the trend of deregulation of public utilities, we should understand the value of this system in order to determine whether the system should be established.
This paper has a total of 30 thousand and 4 thousand words. Besides the introduction, it is divided into five parts.
The introduction is an overview of the basic situation of the international shipping industry, mainly discussing the characteristics of the international shipping industry and the main body of the liner shipping market.
The first part is about the general provisions of the United States, the European Union and China's anti-monopoly and antitrust exemption. Because the anti trust exemption system of the international shipping industry is an important embodiment of the antitrust exemption in the international shipping industry, this part introduces the principles and principles of the law in the United States antitrust law, as well as the eighty-first article of the EU treaty (3), etc. The general provisions of the antitrust exemption.
The second part is about the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry. Antitrust is an ordinary one, and the exemption of antitrust is an exception. As an exception, the international shipping industry antitrust exemption system includes substantive criteria and form of procedural conditions. Only actions that conform to the legal conditions can constitute limited immunity. The United States is a modern shipping industry. As a powerful country, many countries in the European Union are traditional shipping powers. Therefore, this part introduces the antitrust exemption system of the two systems.
The third part discusses the difference and connection between the antitrust exemption system of international shipping industry and the general antitrust exemption system. The international shipping industry antitrust exemption system embodies the principles of the general antitrust exemption system, but both are different in value, means and legislative provisions.
The fourth part is about the value analysis of the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry. From the social and economic aspects, it analyses the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry, and points out that the international shipping industry antitrust exemption system is to meet the social level and the economic level. The economic characteristics of the international shipping industry. The international shipping industry antitrust exemption system is the result of multi interests coordination. The establishment of the system is the result of the interests of the liner company and the shipper and the development of the whole industry, and it contains many factors such as economy and society.
The fifth part discusses the trend of current international deregulation and the development of the antitrust exemption system in the international shipping industry. The theory of market failure and government failure explains the defects of the market mechanism and government regulation, and the international shipping industry should coordinate the two mechanisms in the areas of the competent authorities and the means of regulation. It is beneficial to the development of international shipping industry. This part also puts forward some suggestions that the exemption system of the international shipping industry should clear the scope of exemption and coordinate the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.29
本文编号：2173607
[Abstract]:Competition and monopoly are an important group of concepts in economics. A large number of economic theories explain the concept. The market structure is complex. In reality, a completely competitive market is impossible, and competition and monopoly exist. Competition and monopoly are two sides. Just as excessive competition will bring the disorder of the market; the monopoly is a monopoly. A certain economic theory, based on the economy, will always affect the law of the superstructure. The antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry is based on the international shipping industry and is deeply influenced by the international shipping industry.
Both the traditional shipping and the modern shipping powers have established an antitrust exemption system for the international shipping industry of the important pillar industries. Monopolies have positive significance. This is the logical basis for the existence of antitrust exemptions. Things are always dual, and monopoly is a positive and negative combination. It is against the negative aspects of monopoly. Therefore, comparing the positive and negative effects of monopoly, when monopoly can satisfy people to gain more interests, we can apply the system of antitrust exemption. The antitrust exemption system of international shipping industry has long been a long history, and the necessity and value of its existence have always been controversial. Under the trend of deregulation of public utilities, we should understand the value of this system in order to determine whether the system should be established.
This paper has a total of 30 thousand and 4 thousand words. Besides the introduction, it is divided into five parts.
The introduction is an overview of the basic situation of the international shipping industry, mainly discussing the characteristics of the international shipping industry and the main body of the liner shipping market.
The first part is about the general provisions of the United States, the European Union and China's anti-monopoly and antitrust exemption. Because the anti trust exemption system of the international shipping industry is an important embodiment of the antitrust exemption in the international shipping industry, this part introduces the principles and principles of the law in the United States antitrust law, as well as the eighty-first article of the EU treaty (3), etc. The general provisions of the antitrust exemption.
The second part is about the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry. Antitrust is an ordinary one, and the exemption of antitrust is an exception. As an exception, the international shipping industry antitrust exemption system includes substantive criteria and form of procedural conditions. Only actions that conform to the legal conditions can constitute limited immunity. The United States is a modern shipping industry. As a powerful country, many countries in the European Union are traditional shipping powers. Therefore, this part introduces the antitrust exemption system of the two systems.
The third part discusses the difference and connection between the antitrust exemption system of international shipping industry and the general antitrust exemption system. The international shipping industry antitrust exemption system embodies the principles of the general antitrust exemption system, but both are different in value, means and legislative provisions.
The fourth part is about the value analysis of the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry. From the social and economic aspects, it analyses the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry, and points out that the international shipping industry antitrust exemption system is to meet the social level and the economic level. The economic characteristics of the international shipping industry. The international shipping industry antitrust exemption system is the result of multi interests coordination. The establishment of the system is the result of the interests of the liner company and the shipper and the development of the whole industry, and it contains many factors such as economy and society.
The fifth part discusses the trend of current international deregulation and the development of the antitrust exemption system in the international shipping industry. The theory of market failure and government failure explains the defects of the market mechanism and government regulation, and the international shipping industry should coordinate the two mechanisms in the areas of the competent authorities and the means of regulation. It is beneficial to the development of international shipping industry. This part also puts forward some suggestions that the exemption system of the international shipping industry should clear the scope of exemption and coordinate the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.29
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 金滨;;“后班轮公会时代”船运公司合作方式发展趋势预测[J];公民与法(法学版);2011年08期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 田萌;航运法律责任研究[D];大连海事大学;2012年
2 梁春美;国际航运业反垄断豁免制度研究[D];华东政法大学;2012年
，本文编号：2173607
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