民事行为能力类型化的局限性及其克服

发布时间：2018-08-09 20:21

【摘要】：以年龄标准划一地确定自然人有无民事行为能力或有何种程度的民事行为能力,无论如何确定年龄界线,皆难免存在过分保护未成年人与交易相对人的合理信赖无法得到保护的双重局限性。为尽可能减少此种局限性,像法国、德国、瑞士等国在类型化民事行为能力制度上分别采取了不同的规范模式。我国《民法通则》在规定民事行为能力制度时,虽然以拟制成年制缓和了限制民事行为能力类型的局限性,但对无民事行为能力类型的局限性则明显认识不足。一些学者由于对未成年人保护的意蕴缺乏深刻理解,对现行无民事行为能力类型作出了严重背离强行法属性的解释。根据联合国《儿童权利公约》的理念与规定,为尊重幼儿的人格尊严与行为自由,我国未来编纂民法典时,宜考虑完全取消无民事行为能力类型,规定未成年人不管年龄大小原则上享有限制民事行为能力。
[Abstract]:In order to determine whether the natural person has the capacity for civil conduct or to what extent the capacity for civil conduct is defined by an age standard, in any case, it is unavoidable that there is a double limitation on the excessive protection of the reasonable trust of the minors and the relative persons of the transaction, and to reduce such limitations as France, Germany and Switzerland as far as possible. Scholars and other countries have adopted different norms in the system of typed civil capacity. In China, the general principles of civil law have alleviated the limitations of the limitation of the ability to restrict civil behavior in the system of civil capacity for civil behavior. Due to the lack of profound understanding of the connotation of the protection of minors, the current interpretation of the existing non civil capacity types is seriously deviated from the attribute of the law of force. According to the concept and regulations of the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child, in order to respect the dignity and freedom of the child, the future codification of civil code in our country should consider the complete cancellation of no civil law. The type of capacity for conduct stipulates that minors, regardless of age, shall in principle enjoy limited capacity for civil conduct.
【作者单位】：中国法学杂志社;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“民法中的未成年人保护问题研究”(批准号:13BFX082)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：D923;D998.2

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