“人道主义干涉”研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 13:40
【摘要】：随着全球一体化的不断发展，各国的政治经济利益关联越来越错综复杂，国际社会逐渐出现“牵一发而动全身”的趋势，目前国际法条款对“人道主义干涉”的某些问题已达成一致，但仍然存在很多分歧，这一切亟需国际法作出回应。 “人道主义干涉”对国家主权的行使有一定的制约作用，在一定程度上为避免他国人民免遭超出限度的专政和持续的虐待起到积极作用。当一国人权状况恶化到国民基本的权利如生存权、自由权和身体权都难以保障的时候，确实有将人权保护纳入国际法管辖范围的需要，在这种程度上，“人道主义干涉”有一定的必要。 “人道主义干涉”存在争议，从人权与主权关系来看，主要是对人权与主权辩证关系的理解与争论，人权大于主权，还是主权大于人权，不同性质的国家之间存在着不同看法。目前，“人道主义干涉”理论已经成为西方一些国家侵略他国的合法依据，同时由于现行国际法规范不够完善，约束力不够，“人道主义干涉”呈一定程度的泛滥。“人道主义干涉”的研究是国际社会的舆论导向，是国际和平安定的理论基础，不断完善“人道主义干涉”，会更加合理有效维护世界和平与发展。 文章主要从以下五个方面对“人道主义干涉”进行研究： 第一部分主要对“人道主义干涉”进行概念分析。主要从“人道主义干涉”的内涵入手，通过对其分类引申出相关特征和研究意义，并介绍“人道主义干涉”的渊源和国际实践过程，从而对“人道主义干涉”有个准确的定位。 第二部分主要介绍人权与主权的关系。人权与主权是辩证统一的关系，主权是享有人权的基础与保障，人权限制主权的行使。着重分析和突出在当前形势下人权与主权关系的平衡点，同时引申出“保护的责任”的相关理论。 第三部分主要分析“人道主义干涉”存在的必要性。从道德、限制国家主权行使、人权的保护以及舆论基础等方面，“人道主义干涉”有存在的意义。 第四部分主要分析“人道主义干涉”存在的理论以及制度上的缺陷。从单方、未授权“人道主义干涉”的理论缺陷和联合国集体干涉的制度缺陷两方面指出“人道主义干涉”的相关不足，同时指出“人道主义干涉”与国际习惯的不同。 第五部分主要对“人道主义干涉”的完善和发展提出相关建议。“人道主义干涉”要有一个明确的界限，突破了这种界限才能实行相关的干涉行为。同时，在国际法上也要对“人道主义干涉”以及人权与主权的关系有个统一的认识。联合国也应当不断完善相关调查与决策程序，建立和发展相关的监督体系，从而使“人道主义干涉”重新走上正轨。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of global integration, the political and economic interests of various countries are becoming more and more intricate. International law has now agreed on some of the issues of "humanitarian intervention," but there are still many differences that require a response from international law. "Humanitarian intervention" has a certain restriction on the exercise of state sovereignty, and to a certain extent, it plays a positive role in avoiding the people of other countries from exceeding the limits of dictatorship and continuing abuse. When the human rights situation of a country deteriorates to the extent that the basic rights of its citizens such as the right to life, liberty and body are difficult to guarantee, there is a real need to include the protection of human rights within the jurisdiction of international law. To this extent, Humanitarian intervention is necessary. From the perspective of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty, there are disputes about the dialectical relationship between human rights and sovereignty. Human rights are greater than sovereignty or sovereignty is greater than human rights. Different countries have different views. At present, the theory of "humanitarian intervention" has become the legal basis for some western countries to invade other countries. At the same time, due to the imperfect and binding force of the existing international law, "humanitarian intervention" is in a certain extent overrun. The study of "humanitarian intervention" is the guidance of the public opinion of the international community and the theoretical basis of international peace and stability, and the continuous improvement of "humanitarian intervention" will be more reasonable and effective in safeguarding world peace and development. This paper mainly studies the humanitarian intervention from the following five aspects: the first part mainly analyzes the concept of "humanitarian intervention". Starting with the connotation of "humanitarian intervention", this paper introduces the origin and international practice process of "humanitarian intervention" by classifying it with relevant characteristics and research significance, and thus has an accurate orientation of "humanitarian intervention". The second part mainly introduces the relationship between human rights and sovereignty. The relationship between human rights and sovereignty is dialectical unity, sovereignty is the basis and guarantee of enjoying human rights, and human rights restrict the exercise of sovereignty. The balance of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty in the current situation is analyzed and emphasized, and the relevant theory of "responsibility to protect" is derived. The third part mainly analyzes the necessity of the existence of "humanitarian intervention". From the aspects of morality, restriction of the exercise of state sovereignty, protection of human rights and basis of public opinion, "humanitarian intervention" has the meaning of existence. The fourth part mainly analyzes the theoretical and institutional defects of humanitarian intervention. This paper points out the deficiency of "humanitarian intervention" from two aspects: unilateral, unauthorized "humanitarian intervention" and the system defect of United Nations collective intervention. At the same time, it points out the difference between "humanitarian intervention" and international custom. The fifth part puts forward some suggestions on the perfection and development of humanitarian intervention. "Humanitarian intervention" must have a clear boundary, break through this limit to carry out the relevant intervention. At the same time, there should be a unified understanding of humanitarian intervention and the relationship between human rights and sovereignty in international law. The United Nations should also continuously improve the relevant investigation and decision-making procedures and establish and develop the relevant monitoring system so as to put "humanitarian intervention" back on track.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2
本文编号：2193818
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of global integration, the political and economic interests of various countries are becoming more and more intricate. International law has now agreed on some of the issues of "humanitarian intervention," but there are still many differences that require a response from international law. "Humanitarian intervention" has a certain restriction on the exercise of state sovereignty, and to a certain extent, it plays a positive role in avoiding the people of other countries from exceeding the limits of dictatorship and continuing abuse. When the human rights situation of a country deteriorates to the extent that the basic rights of its citizens such as the right to life, liberty and body are difficult to guarantee, there is a real need to include the protection of human rights within the jurisdiction of international law. To this extent, Humanitarian intervention is necessary. From the perspective of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty, there are disputes about the dialectical relationship between human rights and sovereignty. Human rights are greater than sovereignty or sovereignty is greater than human rights. Different countries have different views. At present, the theory of "humanitarian intervention" has become the legal basis for some western countries to invade other countries. At the same time, due to the imperfect and binding force of the existing international law, "humanitarian intervention" is in a certain extent overrun. The study of "humanitarian intervention" is the guidance of the public opinion of the international community and the theoretical basis of international peace and stability, and the continuous improvement of "humanitarian intervention" will be more reasonable and effective in safeguarding world peace and development. This paper mainly studies the humanitarian intervention from the following five aspects: the first part mainly analyzes the concept of "humanitarian intervention". Starting with the connotation of "humanitarian intervention", this paper introduces the origin and international practice process of "humanitarian intervention" by classifying it with relevant characteristics and research significance, and thus has an accurate orientation of "humanitarian intervention". The second part mainly introduces the relationship between human rights and sovereignty. The relationship between human rights and sovereignty is dialectical unity, sovereignty is the basis and guarantee of enjoying human rights, and human rights restrict the exercise of sovereignty. The balance of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty in the current situation is analyzed and emphasized, and the relevant theory of "responsibility to protect" is derived. The third part mainly analyzes the necessity of the existence of "humanitarian intervention". From the aspects of morality, restriction of the exercise of state sovereignty, protection of human rights and basis of public opinion, "humanitarian intervention" has the meaning of existence. The fourth part mainly analyzes the theoretical and institutional defects of humanitarian intervention. This paper points out the deficiency of "humanitarian intervention" from two aspects: unilateral, unauthorized "humanitarian intervention" and the system defect of United Nations collective intervention. At the same time, it points out the difference between "humanitarian intervention" and international custom. The fifth part puts forward some suggestions on the perfection and development of humanitarian intervention. "Humanitarian intervention" must have a clear boundary, break through this limit to carry out the relevant intervention. At the same time, there should be a unified understanding of humanitarian intervention and the relationship between human rights and sovereignty in international law. The United Nations should also continuously improve the relevant investigation and decision-making procedures and establish and develop the relevant monitoring system so as to put "humanitarian intervention" back on track.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前5条
1 温融;应对气候变化政府间合作法律问题研究[D];重庆大学;2011年
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3 江海平;国际习惯法理论问题研究[D];厦门大学;2006年
4 张丽华;主权博弈—全球化背景下主权国家与国际组织互动关系研究[D];吉林大学;2007年
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