地理标志国际保护问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 15:53
【摘要】：国际社会围绕关于地理标志的知识产权保护问题的争论，已成为WTO多边贸易谈判中的焦点议题之一，也成为法学研究的一个重要课题。无论是从地理标志保护的历史层面分析，还是对现今地理标志的国际立法考察，无论是仅从TRIPS视角出发，还是从一国或一个地区的视角出发，研究地理标志国际保护问题，既具有理论意义又具有现实意义。 在论文的框架结构与内容上，本文分为五章。 本文的第一章，首先是探讨了地理标志的基本理解，为全文的写作奠定基础。就内容结构和逻辑线索而言，首先简要分析了地理标志保护的缘起与演进，之后对地理标志的内涵进行了界定，并分析了地理标志的权属及保护要件。应该说，地理标志的相关问题，并不仅仅是一个法律问题，更是一个经济问题和文化问题。这部分对地理标志相关的概念：原产地标志、货源标志、原产地名称、地理标识等等做出了比较分析；并指出：地理标志是一种特殊类型的知识产权其法律属性具体体现为以下三个层面：其一，地理标志具有私权属性；其二，地理标志是一种新型的知识产权；其三，地理标志是一种具有集体性质的权利。地理标志的认定需考虑商品的特定质量、声誉或其他特征和表示商品来源的地理来源，同时特定的质量、声誉或其他特征与特定的地理区域有着来源的联系。 本文的第二章，以标准分析为切入点，探讨了地理标志国际的保护标准，在分析地理标志国际保护的现实需求的基础上，论述了地理标志保护从国内法、到双边条约，再到区域性协定和多边条约的发展，论证了地理标志国际保护标准的初步形成，同时探讨了地理标志国际保护标准的发展及动向。专门立法、反不正当竞争法、商标法的保护模式关注点各有所侧重。无论是从一国视角，还是从国际贸易视角来说，除了完善和加强地理标志国内立法外，与国际立法接轨并不断地加强国际合作与谈判是必然趋势，这样就可能突破一国国内立法，这也是地理标志国际保护体系建立的必然性要求。从TRIPS谈判到后TRIPS时代，地理标志的国际保护问题呈现出不同的表征。后TRIPS时代地理标志国际保护逐步发展，TPP协定对地理标志规定，在TRIPS协定的基础上更进一步，保护的力度进一步加强，标准进一步提高，这充分体现了地理标志国际保护标准提高的发展趋势。 本文的第三章，深入分析了地理标志国际保护范围扩大的争论。首先，对地理标志国际保护争论的缘起与表现进行了概括，其次，深入探讨了地理标志国际保护范围争论的经济、政治以及文化方面的原因，再次，重点论证了地理标志国际保护扩大化趋势及纷争，最后，对地理标志一般保护的充分性、扩大化保护的正当性和可行性进行了理性分析。TRIPS协定确立一个地理标志保护的最低标准，但是相对于一般保护，TRIPS协定所确立的额外保护能否扩大，各国一直有着不同的主张。争论的双方主要以发达世界的美国和欧盟为代表。从当前的国际社会看，在所有的争论当中，以美国为代表的利益一方主体和以欧盟为代表的利益一方主体关于地理标志是否应得到延伸保护的争论是焦点所在。 本文的第四章，，通过对地理标志国际保护最低标准问题、保护扩大化问题以及协调问题方面的考察，对地理标志国际保护标准进行思考。论述了地理标志国际保护标准的具体适用，并对地理标志国际保护标准进行了利益平衡分析，探讨了地理标志保护的延伸，建议TRIPS第23条的保护应适用于所有产品地理标志，TRIPS第24条中的例外情形应作必要修改。各成员方在地理标志国际保护标准的具体适用上，首先要履行TRIPS协定所确定的义务，既然已经加入协定，则根据条约必须信守原则需尊重业已确定的规则，而当履行出现障碍时要通过合法途径积极寻求解决矛盾与纠纷问题的合理对策；在没有达成一个新的地理标志保护规则之前，仍然需遵循原有的制度规则。要实现在各成员中在地理标志上的利益协调，必须考量各成员在地理标志国际贸易中的基本立场，基于不同的利益基点达成一致的协议从而形成基本上被各成员认可的保护标准。 本文的第五章，分析了我国地理标志保护的选择。通过对我国关于地理标志保护的立法及执法状况考察，从而对我国地理标志保护的现状与缺陷进行了阐述与反思，进而探讨了我国地理标志保护与国际接轨的问题，最后从立法模式、保护标准定位等方面提出了我国地理标志保护的应对策略与完善建议。我国虽然地理标志资源丰富，但在保护上管理混乱，地理标志保护意识不足，法律层面的保护分散且水平不高，由此导致我国的地理标志保护无法满足国际保护需要。在地理标志的制度构建与立法衔接，要坚持保护模式选择与法律本土化相结合。我国地理标志保护标准在定位上需与我国的国情相符，同时考虑到国际保护标准。商标法与专门立法相结合的双轨制立法保护模式，考虑得更为全面和细致，可以作为我国将来立法考虑的制度选择。在执法上要协调各行政部门，加强执法力度，简化执法程序，注重实效。对于地理标志的谈判，我们必须坚持主权原则，积极参与国际合作与谈判。
[Abstract]:The international community's controversy over the protection of intellectual property rights over geographical indications has become one of the focuses of WTO multilateral trade negotiations and an important topic of legal research. Starting from the point of view of a country or a region, it has both theoretical and practical significance to study the international protection of geographical indications.
In the framework and content of the thesis, this paper is divided into five chapters.
In the first chapter, the author discusses the basic understanding of geographical indications and lays a foundation for the writing of the full text. As far as the content structure and logical clues are concerned, the origin and evolution of the protection of geographical indications are briefly analyzed, and then the connotation of geographical indications is defined, and the ownership and protection requirements of geographical indications are analyzed. This part makes a comparative analysis of the concepts related to geographical indications, such as the indication of origin, the indication of goods origin, the name of origin, the geographical indication and so on, and points out that geographical indication is a special type of intellectual property rights and its law. The attributes are embodied in the following three aspects: firstly, geographical indications have the property of private rights; secondly, geographical indications are a new type of intellectual property rights; thirdly, geographical indications are a kind of collective rights. At the same time, specific quality, reputation or other characteristics are related to specific geographical regions.
In the second chapter of this paper, taking standard analysis as the breakthrough point, the author discusses the international protection standards of geographical indications, discusses the development of the protection of geographical indications from domestic law, bilateral treaties, regional agreements and multilateral treaties, and demonstrates the beginning of the international protection standards of geographical indications. Special legislation, anti-unfair competition law and the protection mode of trademark law have their respective focuses. Whether from the perspective of a country or from the perspective of international trade, in addition to improving and strengthening domestic legislation on geographical indications, they are in line with international legislation and are constantly in line with international legislation. It is an inevitable trend to strengthen international cooperation and negotiation so as to break through a country's domestic legislation, which is also an inevitable requirement for the establishment of an international protection system for geographical indications. As for the provisions of geographical indications, on the basis of TRIPS agreement, the protection is further strengthened and the standards are further improved, which fully reflects the development trend of the international protection standards of geographical indications.
In the third chapter, the dissertation analyzes the debate on the expansion of the international protection scope of geographical indications. Firstly, the dissertation summarizes the causes and manifestations of the dispute on the international protection of geographical indications. Secondly, the dissertation discusses the economic, political and cultural reasons for the dispute on the international protection scope of geographical indications. Thirdly, the dissertation focuses on the international protection of geographical indications. Finally, the paper makes a rational analysis of the adequacy of the general protection of geographical indications, the legitimacy and feasibility of the extended protection. The TRIPS Agreement establishes a minimum standard for the protection of geographical indications. However, compared with the general protection, whether the additional protection established by the TRIPS Agreement can be extended or not has always been the subject of different countries. Zhang. The two sides of the debate are mainly represented by the United States and the European Union in the developed world.
In the fourth chapter of this paper, the author considers the international protection standards of geographical indications by investigating the minimum standards of international protection of geographical indications, the expansion of protection and the coordination of the issues. The author discusses the specific application of the international protection standards of geographical indications, and analyzes the interests balance of the international protection standards of geographical indications. It is suggested that the protection of Article 23 of TRIPS should be applied to all geographical indications of products and that the exceptions in Article 24 of TRIPS should be amended as necessary. To abide by the principle, we should respect the established rules, and actively seek reasonable countermeasures to solve contradictions and disputes through legal channels when obstacles arise in the implementation; we should still follow the original system rules before reaching a new protection rule for geographical indications. Coordination must take into account the basic position of each member in the international trade of geographical indications and reach an agreement on the basis of different interests so as to form a protection standard which is generally accepted by each member.
In the fifth chapter of this paper, the author analyzes the choice of the protection of geographical indications in our country. By investigating the legislation and law enforcement of the protection of geographical indications in our country, the author elaborates and reflects on the present situation and defects of the protection of geographical indications in our country, and then discusses the problems of the protection of geographical indications in our country in line with the international standards. The countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of geographical indications in China are put forward in terms of protection standards and positioning. Although there are abundant resources of geographical indications, the protection of geographical indications in China is confused, the protection consciousness of geographical indications is insufficient, the protection of geographical indications in law is scattered and the level is not high, which leads to the fact that the protection of geographical indications in China can not meet the needs of international protection. The protection standard of geographical indications in China should conform to China's national conditions and take into account international protection standards. The dual-track legislative protection model of trademark law and special legislation should be considered more comprehensively and carefully. In law enforcement, we should coordinate all administrative departments, strengthen law enforcement, simplify law enforcement procedures, and pay attention to actual results. In the negotiation of geographical indications, we must adhere to the principle of sovereignty and actively participate in international cooperation and negotiations.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1
本文编号：2194179
[Abstract]:The international community's controversy over the protection of intellectual property rights over geographical indications has become one of the focuses of WTO multilateral trade negotiations and an important topic of legal research. Starting from the point of view of a country or a region, it has both theoretical and practical significance to study the international protection of geographical indications.
In the framework and content of the thesis, this paper is divided into five chapters.
In the first chapter, the author discusses the basic understanding of geographical indications and lays a foundation for the writing of the full text. As far as the content structure and logical clues are concerned, the origin and evolution of the protection of geographical indications are briefly analyzed, and then the connotation of geographical indications is defined, and the ownership and protection requirements of geographical indications are analyzed. This part makes a comparative analysis of the concepts related to geographical indications, such as the indication of origin, the indication of goods origin, the name of origin, the geographical indication and so on, and points out that geographical indication is a special type of intellectual property rights and its law. The attributes are embodied in the following three aspects: firstly, geographical indications have the property of private rights; secondly, geographical indications are a new type of intellectual property rights; thirdly, geographical indications are a kind of collective rights. At the same time, specific quality, reputation or other characteristics are related to specific geographical regions.
In the second chapter of this paper, taking standard analysis as the breakthrough point, the author discusses the international protection standards of geographical indications, discusses the development of the protection of geographical indications from domestic law, bilateral treaties, regional agreements and multilateral treaties, and demonstrates the beginning of the international protection standards of geographical indications. Special legislation, anti-unfair competition law and the protection mode of trademark law have their respective focuses. Whether from the perspective of a country or from the perspective of international trade, in addition to improving and strengthening domestic legislation on geographical indications, they are in line with international legislation and are constantly in line with international legislation. It is an inevitable trend to strengthen international cooperation and negotiation so as to break through a country's domestic legislation, which is also an inevitable requirement for the establishment of an international protection system for geographical indications. As for the provisions of geographical indications, on the basis of TRIPS agreement, the protection is further strengthened and the standards are further improved, which fully reflects the development trend of the international protection standards of geographical indications.
In the third chapter, the dissertation analyzes the debate on the expansion of the international protection scope of geographical indications. Firstly, the dissertation summarizes the causes and manifestations of the dispute on the international protection of geographical indications. Secondly, the dissertation discusses the economic, political and cultural reasons for the dispute on the international protection scope of geographical indications. Thirdly, the dissertation focuses on the international protection of geographical indications. Finally, the paper makes a rational analysis of the adequacy of the general protection of geographical indications, the legitimacy and feasibility of the extended protection. The TRIPS Agreement establishes a minimum standard for the protection of geographical indications. However, compared with the general protection, whether the additional protection established by the TRIPS Agreement can be extended or not has always been the subject of different countries. Zhang. The two sides of the debate are mainly represented by the United States and the European Union in the developed world.
In the fourth chapter of this paper, the author considers the international protection standards of geographical indications by investigating the minimum standards of international protection of geographical indications, the expansion of protection and the coordination of the issues. The author discusses the specific application of the international protection standards of geographical indications, and analyzes the interests balance of the international protection standards of geographical indications. It is suggested that the protection of Article 23 of TRIPS should be applied to all geographical indications of products and that the exceptions in Article 24 of TRIPS should be amended as necessary. To abide by the principle, we should respect the established rules, and actively seek reasonable countermeasures to solve contradictions and disputes through legal channels when obstacles arise in the implementation; we should still follow the original system rules before reaching a new protection rule for geographical indications. Coordination must take into account the basic position of each member in the international trade of geographical indications and reach an agreement on the basis of different interests so as to form a protection standard which is generally accepted by each member.
In the fifth chapter of this paper, the author analyzes the choice of the protection of geographical indications in our country. By investigating the legislation and law enforcement of the protection of geographical indications in our country, the author elaborates and reflects on the present situation and defects of the protection of geographical indications in our country, and then discusses the problems of the protection of geographical indications in our country in line with the international standards. The countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of geographical indications in China are put forward in terms of protection standards and positioning. Although there are abundant resources of geographical indications, the protection of geographical indications in China is confused, the protection consciousness of geographical indications is insufficient, the protection of geographical indications in law is scattered and the level is not high, which leads to the fact that the protection of geographical indications in China can not meet the needs of international protection. The protection standard of geographical indications in China should conform to China's national conditions and take into account international protection standards. The dual-track legislative protection model of trademark law and special legislation should be considered more comprehensively and carefully. In law enforcement, we should coordinate all administrative departments, strengthen law enforcement, simplify law enforcement procedures, and pay attention to actual results. In the negotiation of geographical indications, we must adhere to the principle of sovereignty and actively participate in international cooperation and negotiations.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 陈明惠;知识产权国际强保护趋势探究[D];吉林大学;2014年
本文编号：2194179
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