转基因生物商业化应用法律制度研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 20:33
【摘要】：基因技术作为一门新兴技术,拥有十分广阔的商业化应用前景,目前在农业种植和食品工业中的应用最为广泛,成果最多。转基因生物在给人类社会带来巨大经济利益的同时,也会对人类的生命健康和自然环境的保护产生非常大地影响。值得注意的是,人类社会对于转基因生物存有很大的争议,这些争议主要集中在转基因生物的种植对自然生态的影响以及转基因食品对于人类生命健康的影响。因此,在看到转基因生物的商业化应用给人类发展带来帮助的同时,我们必须注意到这一过程中可能存在的威胁。 美国和欧盟都非常重视对转基因生物,尤其是对转基因食品的监管。欧美境内转基因生物产品的市场化程度高于其他国家和地区,有关的法律体系也较为完善,监管原则、监管法规以及监管机构的设置对我国转基因生物监管制度的建设有着很重要的借鉴价值。然而欧美之间的监管制度有较大分歧,在转基因生物商业化应用中,尤其是在转基因生物贸易上的分歧尤为明显,这使得美欧在WT0规则内产生了巨大的争端,并最终将争端提交给WT0专家组进行裁决。随着专家组最终裁决的做出,美欧转基因一案对全球的转基因生物商业化应用产生了重大影响：科学技术将在这个过程中扮演至关重要的角色、大量转基因食品将进入发展中国家市场、世界各国开始完善各自的转基因生物标识制度、转基因生物大规模商业化应用将不可避免。反观我国,虽然转基因技术的研发起步晚,但是发展速度较快,转基因生物的商业化种植面积也位居世界前列。但是我国仍存在监管机构职能划分模糊、法律法规不完善、法律条文存在冲突以及政府作用的缺失等问题。目前我国食品安全问题层出不穷,为了积极应对转基因生物的商业化的发展,我国需要采取制定有关科学技术的发展战略和优惠政策、开展广泛的科普教育、完善法律法规、完善标识制度和加强监管机构自身建设等措施来构建一个符合我国国情的转基因生物监管制度,以促进经济和社会、环境的同步发展。
[Abstract]:As a new technology, gene technology has a very broad commercial application prospects, and it is widely used in agriculture and food industry. Transgenic organisms not only bring huge economic benefits to human society, but also have a great impact on human life and health and the protection of natural environment. It is worth noting that there is a lot of controversy about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in human society. These controversies mainly focus on the impact of GMOs planting on natural ecology and the impact of GMOs on human life and health. Therefore, we must pay attention to the possible threats in this process while we see that the commercial application of GMOs will help the development of human beings. Both the United States and the European Union attach great importance to the regulation of genetically modified organisms, especially GM foods. The degree of marketization of genetically modified biological products in Europe and the United States is higher than that in other countries and regions, and the relevant legal system is also relatively perfect. Regulatory regulations and the establishment of regulatory institutions have important reference value for the construction of regulatory system of genetically modified organisms in China. However, there are great differences between European and American regulatory systems, especially in the commercial application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), especially in the trade of GMOs. This has led to a huge dispute between the United States and Europe within the WT0 rules. Finally, the dispute is referred to the WT0 panel for adjudication. With the panel's final ruling, the GMO case in the US and Europe has had a major impact on global commercial applications of GMOs: science and technology will play a vital role in this process. A large number of genetically modified foods will enter the market of developing countries. The countries all over the world begin to improve their own labeling system of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The large-scale commercial application of GMOs will be inevitable. On the other hand, although the research and development of transgenic technology started late in China, the rate of development was relatively fast, and the commercial planting area of transgenic organisms also ranked the forefront in the world. However, there are still some problems in our country, such as vague division of the functions of regulatory bodies, imperfect laws and regulations, conflict of legal provisions and the absence of the role of the government. At present, food safety problems emerge in endlessly in our country. In order to positively respond to the commercialization of genetically modified organisms, China needs to adopt development strategies and preferential policies related to science and technology, carry out extensive popular science education, and improve laws and regulations. In order to promote the simultaneous development of economy, society and environment, we should perfect the marking system and strengthen the self-construction of the regulatory bodies to construct a regulatory system of genetically modified organisms in accordance with the national conditions of our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：Q789;D996
本文编号：2194909
[Abstract]:As a new technology, gene technology has a very broad commercial application prospects, and it is widely used in agriculture and food industry. Transgenic organisms not only bring huge economic benefits to human society, but also have a great impact on human life and health and the protection of natural environment. It is worth noting that there is a lot of controversy about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in human society. These controversies mainly focus on the impact of GMOs planting on natural ecology and the impact of GMOs on human life and health. Therefore, we must pay attention to the possible threats in this process while we see that the commercial application of GMOs will help the development of human beings. Both the United States and the European Union attach great importance to the regulation of genetically modified organisms, especially GM foods. The degree of marketization of genetically modified biological products in Europe and the United States is higher than that in other countries and regions, and the relevant legal system is also relatively perfect. Regulatory regulations and the establishment of regulatory institutions have important reference value for the construction of regulatory system of genetically modified organisms in China. However, there are great differences between European and American regulatory systems, especially in the commercial application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), especially in the trade of GMOs. This has led to a huge dispute between the United States and Europe within the WT0 rules. Finally, the dispute is referred to the WT0 panel for adjudication. With the panel's final ruling, the GMO case in the US and Europe has had a major impact on global commercial applications of GMOs: science and technology will play a vital role in this process. A large number of genetically modified foods will enter the market of developing countries. The countries all over the world begin to improve their own labeling system of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The large-scale commercial application of GMOs will be inevitable. On the other hand, although the research and development of transgenic technology started late in China, the rate of development was relatively fast, and the commercial planting area of transgenic organisms also ranked the forefront in the world. However, there are still some problems in our country, such as vague division of the functions of regulatory bodies, imperfect laws and regulations, conflict of legal provisions and the absence of the role of the government. At present, food safety problems emerge in endlessly in our country. In order to positively respond to the commercialization of genetically modified organisms, China needs to adopt development strategies and preferential policies related to science and technology, carry out extensive popular science education, and improve laws and regulations. In order to promote the simultaneous development of economy, society and environment, we should perfect the marking system and strengthen the self-construction of the regulatory bodies to construct a regulatory system of genetically modified organisms in accordance with the national conditions of our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：Q789;D996
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