中国应对美国反补贴措施的法律策略分析

发布时间：2018-08-31 14:04

【摘要】：随着2001年中国加入WTO以来，对外贸易取得突飞猛进的发展，一跃成为世界第二大货物出口国。同时，中美之间的贸易摩擦也急速上升。目前，美国对华贸易的主要救济手段是反补贴，通过研究美国反补贴法如何适用于中国，从而为中国应对美国的“双反”调查提供理论和实践依据，从而实现以下目标：（i）着重从非市场经济地位、反倾销和反补贴重复救济，以及如何具体在对华反补贴案中适用，分析美国对华反补贴的具体运作、救济效果、涉及领域及对中国的影响；（ii）中国如何从法律层面寻求应对美国反补贴的相关对策。本文的主体结构如下：首先，分析目前美国对中国反补贴的现状及中国频繁遭遇美国反补贴调查的原因，及对中国企业的影响，深刻认识美国对华反补贴问题的严重性。其次，美国反补贴法对华贸易适用的分析。通过分析美国如何通过立法实践将非市场经济国家纳入反补贴法管辖范围，就美国对华贸易采用“双反”措施的问题进行具体论述，分析美国反补贴法对华反补贴案的如何适用。最后，中国如何在实践中保护中美贸易中的利益，如何从立法和实践层面进行完善，不断在中美贸易中进行博弈。本文尝试从理论和实践、法学和经济学的角度对美国对华反补贴及其影响问题进行探讨。从分析美国对华反补贴的现状出发，对美国对华反补贴问题进行立法和实践方面的阐释，重点分析美国对华反补贴适用中的两个问题：非市场经济地位和“双反”措施问题，美国对中国产品特殊的政策和做法，导致了反倾销和反补贴的重复救济与过度救济，由于反补贴所涉及的经济和政策领域不断扩大，并不断触及宏观经济政策层面，对中国造成的影响不容忽视，中国政府和企业有必要做好长期应对的准备，积极寻求应对之策。本文的研究意义在于：随着中国产品遭遇美国越来越多的“双反”调查，双重救济问题也普遍存在；美国“双反”调查不仅对中国企业微观层面带来不利影响，也对中国各级政府的宏观经济政策带来不可忽视的挑战。同时，美国对华的反补贴措施也必将会引起其他国家和地区的大面积效仿，将会使中国遭遇新一轮的反补贴浪潮，应对形势相当严峻。在此背景下，就美国对华反补贴问题从理论和规则依据、实践做法、救济效果和涉及对象等方面进行深入研究，并探求中国的应对之策，有着较大的现实意义。在中国入世十一年的今天，进入了WTO的后过渡期，随着中美贸易逆差的不断扩大，中美贸易争端在未来的几十年里必将更加激烈，而中国如何在世界反补贴的浪潮中立足和发展将成为一个重要的课题，，这既考量中国应对危机的能力，也督促中国在危机中寻求机遇，以便实现全球经济的共同发展。
[Abstract]:With China's entry into WTO in 2001, China's foreign trade has made rapid progress, and it has become the second largest exporter of goods in the world. At the same time, the trade friction between China and the United States has also risen rapidly. At present, the main remedy for US trade with China is countervailing. By studying how the United States countervailing law is applicable to China, it provides a theoretical and practical basis for China to deal with the "double countervailing" investigation conducted by the United States. In order to achieve the following objectives,: (i) focuses on non-market economy status, anti-dumping and countervailing repeated relief, and how to specifically apply in countervailing cases to China, and analyzes the specific operation and relief effect of US countervailing to China. Areas involved and its impact on China; (ii) China seeks legal responses to U.S. countervailing measures. The main structure of this paper is as follows: firstly, this paper analyzes the current situation of American countervailing to China, the reasons why China frequently encounters American countervailing investigation, and the influence on Chinese enterprises. Deeply understand the seriousness of the US countervailing problem to China. Secondly, the analysis of the application of American countervailing law to China's trade. By analyzing how the United States brings non-market economy countries into the jurisdiction of countervailing law through legislative practice, this paper discusses in detail the issue of "double countervailing" measures adopted by the United States in trade with China. This paper analyzes how to apply American countervailing law to Chinese countervailing cases. Finally, how to protect the interests of Sino-US trade in practice, how to perfect it in legislation and practice, and how to play games in Sino-US trade. This paper attempts to probe into American countervailing to China and its influence from the angle of theory and practice, law and economics. Based on the analysis of the current situation of US countervailing to China, this paper expounds the legislation and practice of US countervailing to China, focusing on two problems in the application of US countervailing to China: the status of non-market economy and the problem of "double countervailing" measures. The special policies and practices of the United States towards Chinese products have led to repeated relief and excessive relief of anti-dumping and countervailing, because the economic and policy fields involved in countervailing have been continuously expanded, and the macroeconomic policy level has been constantly touched upon. The impact on China cannot be ignored. It is necessary for the Chinese government and enterprises to prepare for a long-term response and actively seek countermeasures. The significance of this paper lies in: as Chinese products are subjected to more and more "double reaction" investigations in the United States, the problem of dual remedies is also widespread, and the American "double counter" investigation not only has a negative impact on the micro level of Chinese enterprises, It also poses a challenge to the macro-economic policies of Chinese governments at all levels. At the same time, the countervailing measures of the United States to China will certainly lead other countries and regions to emulate in a large area, and will make China encounter a new wave of countervailing, and the situation will be quite severe. In this context, it is of great practical significance to study the countervailing problems of the United States to China from the aspects of theory and rules, practice, relief effect and objects involved, and to explore China's countermeasures. Today, 11 years after China's accession to the WTO, China has entered the second transitional period of the WTO. With the increasing trade deficit between China and the United States, Sino-US trade disputes will become more intense in the coming decades. How to base and develop China in the wave of countervailing will become an important issue, which not only considers China's ability to deal with the crisis, but also urges China to seek opportunities in the crisis so as to realize the common development of the global economy.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

【参考文献】