论《联合国海洋法公约》的强制仲裁制度

发布时间：2018-09-05 17:54

【摘要】：《联合国海洋法公约》被称为“海洋宪章”，它的通过与生效，奠定了现代海洋秩序的法律基础，为解决海洋争端提供了强有力的法律保障。依据《联合国海洋法公约》第十五部分的相关规定，争端当事国应该通过和平方式解决相关争端，如果不能通过自行选择的和平方式解决争端，则缔约国必须将该争端提交《联合国海洋法公约》第287条所规定的一个或者多个争端解决机构中。该条款的争端解决机构包括国际法院、国际海洋法法庭、仲裁法庭及特殊仲裁法庭。其中，仲裁法庭是根据《联合国海洋法公约》附件七成立的非常设性司法机构，而附件七规定的就是强制仲裁制度。《联合国海洋法公约》中的强制仲裁制度，已经极大地突破了传统意义上仲裁制度的性质与特征，削弱了各国对仲裁的参与度及控制力，强化了该仲裁制度做为第三方裁判而特有的强制力。这一强化仲裁强制力的做法是否会对国家仲裁制度未来的发展产生重大影响，值得众多学者关注，也是本文所要探寻的主要问题。本文从《联合国海洋法公约》中的强制仲裁制度的概述入手，首先介绍了强制仲裁制度的概念，明确了强制仲裁制度的独特内涵，并以此为契机，在对强制仲裁制度的强制性等特点进行总结的基础上，通过比较的方法详细分析了强制仲裁制度的重要价值和作用。本文还从强制仲裁程序的选择、仲裁法庭的形成及其对事对事管辖权的角度对强制仲裁制度的主要内容进行了介绍。在此基础上，还对适用强制仲裁程序的限制和任择性例外情况进行了分析说明。强制仲裁程序的确立，为世界各国的海洋争端解决的实践提供了更佳的选择方案，本文便从最新案例中分别选取了有关强制仲裁程序的提起、仲裁法庭的实质管辖等问题的案件，着重分析了强制仲裁程序得以适用的依据和理由，，并对案件作了评述。最后，本文从我国对强制仲裁程序的保留声明入手，分析了强制仲裁程序适用的可行性的问题。并最终提出我国调整对待强制仲裁程序适之立场的具体建议，希望为以后通过法律手段中的强制仲裁程序解决海洋争端，维护我国海洋权益提供一种思路。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is called the "Maritime Charter". Its adoption and entry into force have laid the legal foundation for the modern marine order and provided a strong legal guarantee for the settlement of maritime disputes. In accordance with the relevant provisions of part XV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the parties to a dispute shall settle the dispute by peaceful means, if the dispute cannot be settled by peaceful means of their choice, The State party must submit the dispute to one or more dispute settlement bodies provided for in article 287 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Its dispute settlement bodies include the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the Arbitration Tribunal and the Special Arbitration Tribunal. Among them, the arbitral tribunal is a non-permanent judicial body established in accordance with annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and annex VII provides for a compulsory arbitration system. The compulsory arbitration system in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, It has greatly broken through the nature and characteristics of the traditional arbitration system, weakened the participation and control power of various countries in arbitration, and strengthened the special coercive power of the arbitration system as a third party judge. Whether this practice of strengthening the force of arbitration will have a significant impact on the future development of the national arbitration system deserves the attention of many scholars and is also the main problem to be explored in this paper. This paper begins with an overview of the compulsory arbitration system in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, firstly introduces the concept of the compulsory arbitration system, clarifies the unique connotation of the compulsory arbitration system, and takes it as an opportunity. On the basis of summing up the characteristics of compulsory arbitration system, this paper analyzes in detail the important value and function of compulsory arbitration system by means of comparison. This paper also introduces the main contents of compulsory arbitration system from the angle of the choice of compulsory arbitration procedure, the formation of arbitration court and its jurisdiction ratione materiae. On this basis, the restrictions and optional exceptions to the application of compulsory arbitration procedure are analyzed and explained. The establishment of compulsory arbitration procedure provides a better choice for the practice of maritime dispute settlement in various countries of the world. In the case of substantive jurisdiction of arbitration court, the basis and reason of compulsory arbitration procedure are analyzed emphatically, and the case is commented. Finally, this paper analyzes the feasibility of compulsory arbitration procedure from the reservation statement of our country. Finally, the author puts forward some specific suggestions on how to adjust the suitable position of the compulsory arbitration procedure, hoping to provide a way of thinking for the future settlement of maritime disputes through the compulsory arbitration procedure in the legal means and the protection of China's maritime rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.5

【相似文献】