政府承认的性质及其所适用的原则

发布时间：2018-09-09 16:01

【摘要】：政府的承认是指当国家领土没有发生变更,而其政府出现新旧更迭的时候,所出现的对政府的承认的问题,其与国家承认既有区别又有联系。承认的性质应当以宣告说为主,而以构成说为辅。承认奠定建交的基础、确认国家的权利义务并撤销对旧政府的承认,承认的效果溯及既往,这与"法不溯及既往"的基本原则不相矛盾。有效统治是政府承认所适用的首要原则,其中有效控制、稳定性和独立性是构成政府的一般标准和要素。新政府要获得国际承认,不仅要实现有效统治,而且应当不违反体现在国际条约、国际习惯和强行法中的国际法基本原则和国际人道主义法。不承认的条件仅仅指,国家承担了某种不得承认某些实体为国际法主体的条约法上的义务。
[Abstract]:The recognition of government refers to the problem of recognition of government when there is no change in the territory of the country and when the government changes new and old, which is different from and connected with the recognition of the state. The nature of recognition should be based on proclamation and supplemented by constitution. The recognition of the foundation for the establishment of diplomatic relations, the recognition of the rights and obligations of the State and the revocation of the recognition of the old government, and the retroactive effect of recognition do not contradict the basic principle of "non-retroactivity of law". Effective governance is the primary principle of government recognition, in which effective control, stability and independence are the general criteria and elements that constitute the government. For the new Government to gain international recognition, it must not only achieve effective rule, but also not violate the fundamental principles of international law and international humanitarian law embodied in international treaties, customary international law and jus cogens. The condition of non-recognition simply means that the State has assumed a treaty law obligation not to recognize certain entities as subjects of international law.
【作者单位】：武汉大学国际法研究所;
【基金】：2015年国家社科基金一般项目“特殊政府承认与继承的国际法理论与实践”(15BFX199) 2016年教育部人文社科重点基地重大项目“构建人类命运共同体与中国国际法理论创新”(16JJD820011) 2017年武汉大学法学院“双一流”建设项目
【分类号】：D992

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